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Hittite language
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===Verbs=== The verbal morphology is less complicated than for other early-attested [[Indo-European languages]] like [[Ancient Greek]] and [[Vedic Sanskrit|Vedic]]. Hittite verbs [[inflection|inflect]] according to two general [[grammatical conjugation|conjugations]] (''mi''-conjugation and ''hi''-conjugation), two [[grammatical voice|voices]] ([[Active voice|active]] and [[Mediopassive voice|medio-passive]]), two [[grammatical mood|moods]] ([[indicative mood]] and [[imperative mood|imperative]]), two aspects (perfective and imperfective), and two [[grammatical tense|tenses]] ([[present tense|present]] and [[preterite]]). Verbs have two [[infinitive]] forms, a [[verbal noun]], a [[supine]], and a [[participle]]. Rose (2006) lists 132 ''hi'' verbs and interprets the ''hi''/''mi'' oppositions as vestiges of a system of grammatical voice ("centripetal voice" vs. "centrifugal voice"). {| class="wikitable" |- ! style="background:#C0F0C0"| ! style="background:#C0F0C0"| ''mi''-conjugation active ! style="background:#C0F0C0"| ''ḫi''-conjugation active ! style="background:#C0F0C0"| Shared medio-passive |- |colspan="4" style="background:#FFDEAD; text-align:center;"| '''Indicative present''' |- | 1. Singular || ''-mi'' || ''-ḫḫi'' || ''-ḫḫa/-ḫḫari/-ḫḫaḫari'' |- | 2. Singular || ''-ši'' (also: ''-ti'') || ''-ti'' || ''tta/-ttari'' (or ''-tati'') |- | 3. Singular || ''-zzi'' || ''-i'' || ''a/-ari/-tta/-ttari'' |- | 1. Plural ||colspan="2" style="text-align:center"| ''-wēni/-wāni/-uni'' || ''-wašta'' (or ''-waštari'') |- | 2. Plural ||colspan="2" style="text-align:center"| ''-ttēni/-ttāni'' (or ''-šteni'') || ''-dduma/-ddumari'' (or ''-ddumat'') |- | 3. Plural ||colspan="2" style="text-align:center"| ''-anzi'' || ''-anta/-antari'' |- |colspan="4" style="background-color:#FFDEAD; text-align:center"| '''Indicative preterite''' |- | 1st singular|| ''-un/-nun'' || ''-ḫḫun'' || ''-ḫḫat/-ḫḫati/-ḫḫaḫat/-ḫḫaḫati'' |- | 2nd singular|| ''-š/-ta'' || ''-ta'' (also: ''-š'') || ''-ttat/-ttati'' (or ''-tta/-at'') |- | 3rd singular || ''-ta'' || ''-š/-iš/-eš/-ta'' (or ''-šta'') || ''-at/-ati/-ta/-ttat/-ttati'' |- | 1st plural ||colspan="2" style="text-align:center"| ''-wen'' || ''-waštat/-waštati'' |- | 2nd plural ||colspan="2" style="text-align:center"| ''-tten'' (or ''-šten'') || ''-ddumat/-ddudumati'' |- | 3rd plural ||colspan="2" style="text-align:center"| ''-ir'' || ''-antat/-antati'' |- |colspan="4" style="background-color:#FFDEAD; text-align:center"| '''Imperative present''' |- | 1st singular|| ''-allu'' || ''-allu/-lu'' || ''-ḫḫaru/-ḫḫaḫaru'' |- | 2nd singular|| null, ''-t'' (or ''-i'') || nul, ''-i'' || ''-ḫuti/-ḫut'' |- | 3rd singular|| ''-tu'' || ''-u'' (or ''-štu'') || ''-aru/-ttaru'' |- | 1st plural ||colspan="2" style="text-align:center"| ''-wēni/-wāni'' || *''-waštati'' |- | 2nd plural ||colspan="2" style="text-align:center"| ''-tten'' (or ''-šten'') || ''-ddumat/-ddumati'' |- | 3rd plural ||colspan="2" style="text-align:center"| ''-andu'' || ''-antaru'' |}
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