Editing Hungarian language (section)

==Phonology==
{{Main|Hungarian phonology}}
{{Unreferenced section|date=June 2018}}
[[File:Hungarian vowel chart with rounded short a.svg|right|thumb|upright=1.36|Hungarian vowels]]

Hungarian has 14 vowel phonemes and 30 consonant phonemes (or 31, it depends on the dialect). The vowel phonemes can be grouped as pairs of short and long vowels such as {{Lang|hu|o}} and {{Lang|hu|ó}}. Most of the pairs have an almost similar pronunciation and vary significantly only in their duration. However, pairs {{Lang|hu|a}}/{{Lang|hu|á}} and {{Lang|hu|e}}/{{Lang|hu|é}} differ both in closedness and in length.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Consonant phonemes of Hungarian<ref>{{Harvcoltxt|Szende|1994|p=91}}</ref>
!
! colspan="2" | [[Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! colspan="2" | [[Postalveolar consonant|Post-{{br}}alveolar]]
! colspan="2" | [[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! colspan="2" | [[Velar consonant|Velar]]
! colspan="2" | [[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! [[Nasal stop|Nasal]]
| style="border-right:0;" |  || style="border-left:0;" | {{IPA link|m}}
| style="border-right:0;" |  || style="border-left:0;" | {{IPA link|n̪|n}}
| colspan="2" | 
| style="border-right:0;" |  || style="border-left:0;" | {{IPA link|ɲ}}
| style="border-right:0;" |  || style="border-left:0;" | ({{IPA link|ŋ}})
| colspan="2" | 
|-
! [[Stop consonant|Stop]]
| style="border-right:0;" width="25px" | {{IPA link|p}} || style="border-left:0;" width="25px" | {{IPA link|b}}
| style="border-right:0;" width="25px" | {{IPA link|t}} || style="border-left:0;" width="25px" | {{IPA link|d}}
| colspan="2" | 
| style="border-right:0;border-top:0;" | {{IPA link|c}} || style="border-left:0;border-top:0;" | {{IPA link|ɟ}}
| style="border-right:0;" width="25px" | {{IPA link|k}} || style="border-left:0;" width="25px" | {{IPA link|ɡ}}
| colspan="2" | 
|-
! [[affricate consonant|Affricate]]
| colspan="2" | 
| style="border-right:0;" | {{IPA link|t͡s}} || style="border-left:0;" | {{IPA link|d͡z}}
| style="border-right:0;" width="25px" | {{IPA link|t͡ʃ}} || style="border-left:0;" width="25px" | {{IPA link|d͡ʒ}}
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" | 
|-
! [[fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="border-right:0;" | {{IPA link|f}} || style="border-left:0;" | {{IPA link|v}}
| style="border-right:0;" | {{IPA link|s̪|s}} || style="border-left:0;" | {{IPA link|z̪|z}}
| style="border-right:0;" | {{IPA link|ʃ}} || style="border-left:0;" | {{IPA link|ʒ}}
| style="border-right:0;" | ({{IPA link|ç}}) || style="border-left:0;" | ({{IPA link|ʝ}})
| style="border-right:0;" | ({{IPA link|x}})  || style="border-left:0;" |
| style="border-right:0;" width="25px" | {{IPA link|h}} || style="border-left:0;" width="25px" | ({{IPA link|ɦ}})
|-
! [[Trill consonant|Trill]]
| colspan="2" | 
| style="border-right:0;" |  || style="border-left:0;" | {{IPA link|r̪|r}}
| colspan="2" | 
| colspan="2" | 
| colspan="2" | 
| colspan="2" | 
|-
! [[approximant consonant|Approximant]]
| colspan="2" | 
| style="border-right:0;" |  || style="border-left:0;" | {{IPA link|l̪|l}}
| colspan="2" | 
| style="border-right:0;" |  || style="border-left:0;" | {{IPA link|j}}
| colspan="2" | 
| colspan="2" | 
|-
![[Lateral consonant|Lateral Approximant]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right:0;" |  || style="border-left:0;" | ({{IPA link|ʎ}})
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|}

[[Consonant length]] is also distinctive in Hungarian. Most consonant phonemes can occur as [[Consonant length|geminates]].

The sound [[voiced palatal plosive]] {{IPA|/ɟ/}}, written {{angle bracket|gy}}, sounds similar to 'd' in [[British English]] 'duty'. It occurs in the name of the country, "{{Lang|hu|Magyarország}}" (Hungary), pronounced {{IPA|/ˈmɒɟɒrorsaːɡ/}}. It is one of three [[Palatalization (phonetics)|palatal]] consonants, the others being {{angle bracket|ty}} and {{angle bracket|ny}}. Historically, and mostly in some northern dialects (for example, the modern Palóc dialect), a fourth palatalized consonant {{IPA link|ʎ}} existed, written {{angle bracket|ly}}.

{{IPA|/ç/}} and {{IPA|/ʝ/}} are only found at the end of words in the vocative case after a voiceless/voiced consonant, both written "j", as in "''kap'''j'''''" (get!) or "''varr'''j'''''" (sew!), as an allophone of {{IPA|/j/}}.

{{IPA|/x/}} is also rare, and it is mostly just an allophone of "h". It is spelled as "ch", and is from German loanwords, like the name ''Ba'''ch'''''. A similar consonant is {{IPA|/ɦ/}}. This is also spelled as "h", and is also found in German loanwords, like a'''ch'''át (agate).

{{IPA|/ŋ/}} is an uncommon consonant, written "ng". It mostly appears in loanwords from English such as "tréni'''ng'''" or "brendi'''ng'''". And in native words like "ri'''ng'''" (to swing). "ng" is a digraph; however unlike other digraphs, it is not a letter of the Hungarian alphabet.

A single 'r' is pronounced as an [[alveolar tap]] ({{Lang|hu|akkora}} 'of that size'), but a double 'r' is pronounced as an [[alveolar trill]] ({{Lang|hu|akkorra}} 'by that time'), like in [[Spanish language|Spanish]] and [[Italian language|Italian]].

===Prosody===
Primary stress is always on the first [[syllable]] of a word, as in Finnish and the neighbouring [[Slovak language|Slovak]] and [[Czech language|Czech]]. There is a secondary stress on other syllables in compounds: ''viszontlátásra'' ("goodbye") is pronounced {{IPA|/ˈvisontˌlaːtaːʃrɒ/}}. Elongated vowels in non-initial syllables may seem to be stressed to an English-speaker,{{citation needed|date=October 2020}} as length and stress correlate in English.