Editing Incubator escapee wiki:Language recognition chart (section)

===[[Germanic languages]]===
====[[English language|English]]====
*words: ''a'', ''an'', ''and'', ''in'', ''of'', ''on'', ''the'', ''that'', ''to'', ''is'', ''what'', ''I'' (''I'' is always capital when talking about oneself)
*letter sequences: ''th'', ''ch'', ''sh'', ''wh'', ''ough'', ''augh'', ''qu''
*word endings: ''-ing'', ''-tion'', ''-ed'', ''-age'', ''-s'', ''-’s'', ''-’ve'', ''-n’t'', ''-’d''
*vast majority of words end with a consonant, or sometimes with an e. Some common exceptions: ''who,'' ''to,'' ''so,'' ''no,'' ''do,'' ''a,'' and a few names like ''Julia.'' 
*diacritics or accents only in loanwords (piñata)

====[[Dutch language|Dutch]] ([[:nl:Nederlands|Nederlands]])====
*letter sequences ''ij'' (capitalized as ''IJ'', and also found as a ligature, ''Ĳ'' or ''ĳ''), ''ei'', ''ou'', ''au'', ''oe'', doubled vowels (but not ''ii''), ''kw'', ''ch'', ''sch'', ''oei'', ''ooi'', ''aai'' and ''uw'' (especially ''eeuw'', ''ieuw'', ''auw'', and ''ouw'').
*all consonants, except ''h'', ''j'', ''q'', ''v'', ''w'', ''x'' and ''z'' can be doubled.
*the letters ''c'' (except in the sequence ''(s)ch''), ''q'', ''x'' and ''y'' are almost only found in loanwords.
*words: ''het, op, en, een, voor'' (and compounds of ''voor'').
*word endings: ''-tje'', ''-sje'', ''-ing'', ''-en'', ''-lijk'',
*at the start of words: ''z-, v-, ge-''
*''t/m'' occasionally occurs between two points in time or between numbers (e.g. house numbers).

====[[West Frisian language|West Frisian]] ([[:fy:Frysk|Frysk]])====
*letter sequences: ''ij'', ''ei'', ''oa''
*words: yn

====[[Afrikaans language|Afrikaans]] ([[:af:Afrikaans (taal)|Afrikaans]])====
*Words: ''<nowiki>'n</nowiki>'', ''as'', ''vir'', ''nie''.
*Similar to [[#Dutch (Nederlands)|Dutch]], but:
**the common Dutch letters ''c'' and ''z'' are rare and used only in loanwords (e.g. ''chalet'');
**the common Dutch vowel ''ij'' is not used; instead, ''i'' and ''y'' are used (e.g. ''-lik'', ''sy'');
**the common Dutch word ending ''-en'' is rare, being replaced by ''-e''.

====[[German language|German]] ([[:de:Deutsche Sprache|Deutsch]])====
*umlauts (ä, ö, ü), ess-zett (ß)
*letter sequences: ''ch'', ''ck'', ''sch'', ''tsch'', ''tz'', ''ss'',
*common words: ''der'', ''die'', ''das'', ''den'', ''dem'', ''des'', ''er'', ''sie'', ''es'', ''ist'', ''ich'', ''du'', ''aber''
*common endings: ''-en'', ''-er'', ''-ern'', ''-st'', ''-ung'', ''-chen'', ''-tät''
*rare letters: ''x'', ''y'' (except in loanwords)
*letter ''c'' rarely used except in the sequences listed above and in loanwords
*long compound words
*a period (.) after ordinal numbers, e.g. ''3. Oktober''
*many capitalised words in the middle of sentences since German capitalizes all nouns.

====[[Swedish language|Swedish]] ([[:sv:Svenska|Svenska]])====
*letters å, ä, ö, rarely é
*common words: ''och'', ''i'', ''att'', ''det'', ''en'', ''som'', ''är'', ''av'', ''den'', ''på'', ''om'', ''inte'', ''men''
*common endings: ''-ning'', ''-lig'', ''-isk'', ''-ande'', ''-ade'', ''-era'', ''-rna''
*common surname endings: ''-sson'', ''-berg'', ''-borg'', ''-gren'', ''-lund'', ''-lind'', ''-ström'', ''-kvist/qvist/quist''
*long compound words
*letter sequences: ''stj'', ''sj'', ''skj'', ''tj'', ''ck'', ''än''
*no use of characters ''w'', ''z'' except for foreign proper nouns and some loanwords but ''x'' is used, unlike Danish and Norwegian, which replace it with ''ks''
*doubling of consonants common, but doubling of vowels very rare

====[[Danish language|Danish]] ([[:Da:Dansk|Dansk]])====
*letters æ, ø, å
*common words: ''af, og, til, er, på, med, det, den'';
*common endings: ''-tion'', ''-ing'', ''-else'', ''-hed'';
*long compound words;
*no use of character ''q'', ''w'', ''x'' and ''z'' except for foreign proper nouns and some loanwords;
*to distinguish from Norwegian: uses letter combination ''øj''; frequent use of ''æ''; spellings of borrowed foreign words are retained (in particular use of ''c''), such as ''centralstation''.
*doubling of consonants common (but not at the end of words, unlike Norwegian and Swedish), but doubling of vowels very rare
*pre-1948 orthography: ''aa'' was used instead of ''å''; all nouns were capitalized

====[[Norwegian language|Norwegian]] ([[:no:Norsk|Norsk]])====
*letters æ, ø, å
*common words: ''av, ble, er, og, en, et, men, i, å, for, eller'';
*common endings: ''-sjon'', ''-ing'', ''-else'', ''-het'';
*long compound words;
*no use of character ''c'', ''w'', ''z'' and ''x'' except for foreign proper nouns and some loanwords;
*two versions of the language: [[Bokmål]] (much closer to Danish) and  [[Nynorsk]] – for example ''ikke, lørdag, Norge'' (Bokmål) vs. ''ikkje, laurdag, Noreg'' (Nynorsk); Nynorsk uses the word ''òg''; printed materials almost always published in Bokmål only;
*to distinguish from Danish: uses letter combination ''øy''; less frequent use of ''æ'' (mainly but not exclusively before ''r''); spellings of borrowed foreign words are ‘Norsified’ (in particular removing use of ''c''), such as ''sentralstasjon''.
*doubling of consonants common (including the end of words), but doubling of vowels very rare

====[[Icelandic language|Icelandic]] ([[:is:Íslenska|Íslenska]])====
*letters ''á, ð, é, í, ó, ú, ý, þ, æ, ö''
*common beginnings: ''fj-'', ''gj-'', ''hj-'', ''hl-'', ''hr-'', ''hv-'', ''kj-'', and ''sj-'',
*common endings: ''-ar'' (especially ''-nar''), ''-ir'' (especially ''-nir''), ''-ur'', ''-nn'' (especially ''-inn'')
*no use of character ''c'', ''q'', ''w'', or ''z'' except for foreign proper nouns, some loanwords, and, in the case of ''z'', older texts.
*doubling of consonants common, but doubling of vowels very rare

====[[Faroese language|Faroese]] ([[:fo:Føroyskt|Føroyskt]])====
*letters ''á, ð, í, ó, ú, ý, æ, ø''
*letter combinations: ''ggj'', ''oy'', ''skt''
*to distinguish from Icelandic: does not use é or þ, uses ø instead of ö (occasionally rendered as ö on road signs, or even ő).
*doubling of consonants common, but doubling of vowels very rare