Editing Indeterminism (section)

====Charles Peirce====
[[Tychism]] ({{langx|el|τύχη}} "chance") is a thesis proposed by the American philosopher [[Charles Sanders Peirce]] in the 1890s.<ref>Peirce, C. S.:  ''The Doctrine of Necessity Examined'', [[The Monist]], 1892
</ref> It holds that absolute [[chance (philosophy)|chance]], also called spontaneity, is a real factor operative in the universe. It may be considered both the direct opposite of [[Albert Einstein]]'s oft quoted dictum that: "[[God does not play dice]] with the universe" and an early philosophical anticipation of [[Werner Heisenberg]]'s [[uncertainty principle]].

Peirce does not, of course, assert that there is ''no'' law in the universe. On the contrary, he maintains that an absolutely chance world would be a contradiction and thus impossible.
Complete lack of order is itself a sort of order. The position he advocates is rather that there are in the universe both regularities and irregularities.

[[Karl Popper]] comments<ref>Popper, K: ''Of Clouds and Cuckoos'', included in ''Objective Knowledge'', revised, 1978, p231.</ref> that Peirce's theory received little contemporary attention, and that other philosophers did not adopt indeterminism until the rise of quantum mechanics.