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Lindemann–Weierstrass theorem
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== References == *{{Citation | last1=Baker | first1=Alan |author-link=Alan Baker (mathematician) | title=Transcendental number theory | url={{Google books|SmsCqiQMvvgC|Transcendental number theory|plainurl=yes}} | publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] | edition=2nd | series=Cambridge Mathematical Library | isbn=978-0-521-39791-9 | mr=0422171 | year=1990}} *{{Citation |last=Bertrand |first=D. |author-link=Daniel Bertrand |year=1997 |title=Theta functions and transcendence |journal=The Ramanujan Journal |volume=1 |issue=4 |pages=339–350 |doi=10.1023/A:1009749608672 |s2cid=118628723 }} *{{Citation | last=Gelfond | first=A.O. | author-link=Alexander Gelfond | translator-last=Boron | translator-first=Leo F. | translator-link=Leo F. Boron | orig-year=1960 | year=2015 | title=Transcendental and Algebraic Numbers | publisher=[[Dover Publications]] |location=New York |series=Dover Books on Mathematics | isbn=978-0-486-49526-2 |mr=0057921 | url={{Google books|408wBgAAQBAJ|Transcendental and Algebraic Numbers|plainurl=yes}} }} *{{Citation | last=Gordan | first=P. | author-link=Paul Gordan | year=1893 | title=Transcendenz von {{math|''e''}} und {{math|π}}. | journal=Mathematische Annalen | volume=43 | issue=2–3 | pages=222–224 | url=https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/dms/load/img/?PID=GDZPPN002254557&physid=PHYS_0223 | doi=10.1007/bf01443647| s2cid=123203471 }} *{{Citation | last=Hermite | first=C. | author-link=Charles Hermite | year=1873 | title=Sur la fonction exponentielle. | journal=Comptes rendus de l'Académie des Sciences de Paris | volume=77 | pages=18–24 | url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k3034n/f18.image}} *{{Citation | last=Hermite | first=C. | author-link=Charles Hermite | year=1874 | title=Sur la fonction exponentielle. | publisher=Gauthier-Villars | place=Paris | url=https://archive.org/details/surlafonctionexp00hermuoft}} *{{Citation | last=Hilbert | first=D. | author-link=David Hilbert | year=1893 | title=Ueber die Transcendenz der Zahlen {{math|''e''}} und {{math|π}}. | journal=Mathematische Annalen | volume=43 | issue=2–3 | pages=216–219 | url=https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/index.php?id=11&PID=GDZPPN002254565 | doi=10.1007/bf01443645 | s2cid=179177945 | access-date=2018-12-24 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006113711/https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/index.php?id=11&PID=GDZPPN002254565 | archive-date=2017-10-06 | url-status=dead }} *{{Citation | last=Lindemann | first=F. | author-link=Ferdinand Lindemann | year=1882 | title=Über die Ludolph'sche Zahl. | journal=Sitzungsberichte der Königlich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin | volume=2 | pages=679–682 | url=https://archive.org/details/sitzungsberichte1882deutsch/page/679 |ref={{Harvid|Lindemann|1882a}}}} *{{Citation | last=Lindemann | first=F. | author-link=Ferdinand Lindemann | year=1882 | title=Über die Zahl {{math|π}}. | journal=Mathematische Annalen | volume=20 | issue=2 | pages=213–225 | url=https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/id/PPN235181684_0020?tify=%7B%22view%22:%22info%22,%22pages%22:%5B227%5D%7D | ref={{Harvid|Lindemann|1882b}} | doi=10.1007/bf01446522 | s2cid=120469397 | access-date=2018-12-24 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006120026/https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/index.php?id=11&PID=GDZPPN002246910 | archive-date=2017-10-06 | url-status=dead }} *{{cite book |doi=10.1007/978-1-4939-0832-5_19|chapter=Baker's Theorem |title=Transcendental Numbers |year=2014 |last1=Murty |first1=M. Ram |last2=Rath |first2=Purusottam |pages=95–100 |isbn=978-1-4939-0831-8|url={{Google books|-4jkAwAAQBAJ|page=95|plainurl=yes}}}} *{{Citation | last=Weierstrass | first=K. | author-link=Karl Weierstrass | year=1885 | title=Zu Lindemann's Abhandlung. "Über die Ludolph'sche Zahl". | journal=Sitzungsberichte der Königlich Preussischen Akademie der Wissen-schaften zu Berlin | volume=5 | pages=1067–1085 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jhlEAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1067}}
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