Editing Lossy compression (section)

==Methods==

===Graphics===

====Image====
{{further|Image compression}}

* [[Discrete cosine transform]] (DCT)
** [[JPEG]]<ref name="Stankovic">{{cite journal |last1=Stanković |first1=Radomir S. |last2=Astola |first2=Jaakko T. |title=Reminiscences of the Early Work in DCT: Interview with K.R. Rao |journal=Reprints from the Early Days of Information Sciences |date=2012 |volume=60 |url=http://ticsp.cs.tut.fi/reports/ticsp-report-60-reprint-rao-corrected.pdf |access-date=13 October 2019}}</ref>
** [[WebP]] (high-density lossless or lossy compression of RGB and RGBA images)
** [[High Efficiency Image Format]] (HEIF)
** [[Better Portable Graphics]] (BPG) (lossless or lossy compression)
** [[JPEG XR]], a successor of JPEG with support for [[high-dynamic-range imaging|high-dynamic range]], wide [[gamut]] pixel formats (lossless or lossy compression)
* [[Wavelet compression]]
** [[JPEG 2000]], JPEG's successor format that uses [[wavelets]] (lossless or lossy compression)
** [[DjVu]]
** [[ICER (file format)|ICER]], used by the Mars Rovers, related to [[JPEG 2000]] in its use of wavelets
** [[Progressive Graphics File|PGF]], Progressive Graphics File (lossless or lossy compression)
* [[Cartesian Perceptual Compression]], also known as CPC
* [[Fractal compression]]
* [[JBIG2]] (lossless or lossy compression)
* [[S3TC]] [[Texture mapping|texture]] compression for [[GPU|3D computer graphics hardware]]

====3D computer graphics====
* [[glTF]]

====Video====
{{further|Video coding format|Video compression}}

* [[Discrete cosine transform]] (DCT)
** [[H.261]]<ref name="Stankovic"/>
** [[Motion JPEG]]<ref name="Stankovic"/>
** [[MPEG-1 Part 2]]<ref name="Rao">K. R. Rao and J. J. Hwang, ''Techniques and Standards for Image, Video, and Audio Coding'', Prentice Hall, 1996; JPEG: Chapter 8; H.261: Chapter 9; MPEG-1: Chapter 10;  MPEG-2: Chapter 11.</ref>
** [[MPEG-2 Part 2]] (H.262)<ref name="Rao"/>
** [[MPEG-4 Part 2]] ([[H.263]])<ref name="Stankovic"/>
** [[Advanced Video Coding]] (AVC / H.264 / [[MPEG-4]] AVC)<ref name="Stankovic"/> (may also be lossless, even in certain video sections)
** [[High Efficiency Video Coding]] (HEVC / H.265)<ref name="Stankovic"/>
** [[Ogg]] [[Theora]] (noted for its lack of patent restrictions)
** [[VC-1]]
* [[Wavelet compression]]
** [[Motion JPEG 2000]]
** [[Dirac codec|Dirac]]
* [[Sorenson codec|Sorenson video codec]]

===Audio===
{{further|Audio coding format|Audio data compression}}

====General====
* [[Modified discrete cosine transform]] (MDCT)
** [[Dolby Digital]] (AC-3)
** [[Adaptive Transform Acoustic Coding]] (ATRAC)
** [[MPEG Layer III]] (MP3)<ref name="Guckert">{{cite web |last1=Guckert |first1=John |title=The Use of FFT and MDCT in MP3 Audio Compression |url=http://www.math.utah.edu/~gustafso/s2012/2270/web-projects/Guckert-audio-compression-svd-mdct-MP3.pdf |website=[[University of Utah]] |date=Spring 2012 |access-date=14 July 2019}}</ref>
** [[Advanced Audio Coding]] (AAC / [[MP4]] Audio)<ref name=brandenburg>{{cite web|url=http://graphics.ethz.ch/teaching/mmcom12/slides/mp3_and_aac_brandenburg.pdf|title=MP3 and AAC Explained|last=Brandenburg|first=Karlheinz|year=1999|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170213191747/https://graphics.ethz.ch/teaching/mmcom12/slides/mp3_and_aac_brandenburg.pdf|archive-date=2017-02-13}}</ref>
** [[Vorbis]]
** [[Windows Media Audio]] (WMA) (Standard and Pro profiles are lossy. WMA Lossless is also available.)
** [[LDAC (codec)|LDAC]]<ref name="Darko 2017">{{cite web | last=Darko | first=John H. | title=The inconvenient truth about Bluetooth audio | website=DAR__KO | date=2017-03-29 | url=http://www.digitalaudioreview.net/2017/03/the-inconvenient-truth-about-bluetooth-audio/ | access-date=2018-01-13 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180114020200/http://www.digitalaudioreview.net/2017/03/the-inconvenient-truth-about-bluetooth-audio/ | archive-date=2018-01-14 | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="AVHub 2015">{{cite web|url=http://www.avhub.com.au/news/sound-image/what-is-sony-ldac-and-how-does-it-do-it-408285|title=What is Sony LDAC, and how does it do it?|last=Ford|first=Jez|date=2015-08-24|website=AVHub|access-date=2018-01-13}}</ref>
** [[Opus (codec)|Opus]] (Notable for lack of patent restrictions, low delay, and high quality speech and general audio.)
* [[Adaptive differential pulse-code modulation]] (ADPCM)
** [[Master Quality Authenticated]] (MQA)
* [[MPEG-1 Audio Layer II]] (MP2)
* [[Musepack]] (based on Musicam)
* [[AptX|aptX/ aptX-HD]]<ref name="AVHub 2016">{{cite web|url=http://www.avhub.com.au/news/sound-image/aptx-hd---lossless-or-lossy-442124|title=aptX HD - lossless or lossy?|last=Ford|first=Jez|date=2016-11-22|website=AVHub|access-date=2018-01-13}}</ref>

====Speech====
{{further|Speech encoding}}
* [[Linear predictive coding]] (LPC)
** [[Adaptive predictive coding]] (APC)
** [[Code-excited linear prediction]] (CELP)
** [[Algebraic code-excited linear prediction]] (ACELP)
** [[Relaxed code-excited linear prediction]] (RCELP)
** [[Low-delay CELP]] (LD-CELP)
** [[Adaptive Multi-Rate audio codec|Adaptive Multi-Rate]] (used in [[GSM]] and [[3GPP]])
** [[Codec2]] (noted for its lack of patent restrictions)
** [[Speex]] (noted for its lack of patent restrictions)
* [[Modified discrete cosine transform]] (MDCT)
** [[AAC-LD]]
** [[Constrained Energy Lapped Transform]] (CELT)
** [[Opus (codec)|Opus]] (mostly for real-time applications)
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===Other data===
Researchers have performed lossy compression on text by either using a [[thesaurus]] to substitute short words for long ones, or [[Natural language generation|generative text]] techniques,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://compression.ru/download/articles/text/witten_1994cj_lossy_text_compression.pdf|title=Semantic and Generative Models for Lossy Text Compression|author=I. H. WITTEN|publisher=The Computer Journal|access-date=2007-10-13|display-authors=etal}}</ref> although these sometimes fall into the related category of [[lossy data conversion]].