Editing MacOS (section)

== Features ==
=== Aqua user interface ===
{{Main|Aqua (user interface)}}
[[File:Macosxpb.png|thumb|250px|The original [[Aqua (user interface)|Aqua]] user interface as seen in the [[Mac OS X Public Beta]] from 2000]]

One of the major differences between the [[classic Mac OS]] and the current macOS was the addition of [[Aqua (user interface)|Aqua]], a graphical user interface with water-like elements, in the first major release of Mac OS X. Every window element, text, graphic, or [[widget (computing)|widget]] is drawn on-screen using [[spatial anti-aliasing]] technology.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 9, 2008 |title=The Aqua Interface |url=https://developer.apple.com/documentation/UserExperience/Conceptual/AppleHIGuidelines/XHIGPartIII/chapter_11_section_1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081209044209/https://developer.apple.com/documentation/UserExperience/Conceptual/AppleHIGuidelines/XHIGPartIII/chapter_11_section_1.html |archive-date=December 9, 2008 |access-date=December 16, 2008 |website=Apple Human Interface Guidelines |publisher=[[Apple Inc.|Apple]]}}</ref> [[ColorSync]], a technology introduced many years before, was improved and built into the core drawing engine, to provide color matching for [[printing]] and [[multimedia]] professionals.<ref name="davidson">{{Cite book |last=Davidson |first=James Duncan |url=https://archive.org/details/learningcocoawit0000davi/page/6 |title=Learning Cocoa With Objective-C |publisher=O'Reilly |year=2002 |isbn=0-596-00301-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/learningcocoawit0000davi/page/6 6]}}</ref> Also, [[drop shadow]]s were added around windows and isolated text elements to provide a sense of depth. New interface elements were integrated, including sheets ([[dialog box]]es attached to specific windows) and drawers, which would slide out and provide options.

The use of soft edges, translucent colors, and pinstripes, similar to the hardware design of the first [[iMac]]s, brought more texture and color to the user interface when compared to what [[Mac OS 9]] and [[Mac OS X Server 1.0]]'s "[[Platinum (theme)|Platinum]]" appearance had offered. According to Siracusa, the introduction of Aqua and its departure from the then conventional look "hit like a ton of bricks."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Siracusa |first=John |date=October 28, 2007 |title=Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard: the Ars Technica review |url=https://arstechnica.com/reviews/os/mac-os-x-10-5.ars/3 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216092420/https://arstechnica.com/reviews/os/mac-os-x-10-5.ars/3 |archive-date=December 16, 2008 |access-date=December 16, 2008 |website=[[Ars Technica]] |publisher=[[Condé Nast Publishing|Condé Nast Digital]] |df=mdy-all}}</ref>
[[Bruce Tognazzini]] (who founded the original Apple Human Interface Group) said that the Aqua interface in [[Mac OS X 10.0]] represented a step backwards in usability compared with the original Mac OS interface.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tognazzini |first=Bruce |date=February 2000 |title=OS X: A First Look |url=https://www.asktog.com/columns/034OSX-FirstLook.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080927085032/https://www.asktog.com/columns/034OSX-FirstLook.html |archive-date=September 27, 2008 |access-date=November 5, 2008 |df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Thomas |first=Matthew Paul |date=February 16, 2004 |title=My first 48 hours enduring Mac OS X |url=https://mpt.net.nz/archive/2004/02/16/os-x |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081014095216/https://mpt.net.nz/archive/2004/02/16/os-x |archive-date=October 14, 2008 |access-date=November 5, 2008}}</ref>
Third-party developers started producing [[skin (computing)|skins]] for customizable applications and other operating systems which mimicked the Aqua appearance. To some extent, Apple has used the successful transition to this new design as leverage, at various times threatening [[legal action]] against people who make or distribute software with an interface the company says is derived from its [[copyright]]ed design.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 2, 2001 |title=Apple lowers boom on Aqua 'skins' |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/apple-lowers-boom-on-aqua-skins/ |access-date=January 11, 2023 |website=[[ZDNet]] |publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] |archive-date=January 11, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111105314/https://www.zdnet.com/article/apple-lowers-boom-on-aqua-skins/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Apple has continued to change aspects of the macOS appearance and design, particularly with tweaks to the appearance of windows and the menu bar. Since 2012, Apple has sold almost all of its Mac models with high-resolution [[Retina display]]s, and macOS and its [[Application programming interface|APIs]] have extensive support for resolution-independent development on supporting high-resolution displays. Reviewers have described Apple's support for the technology as superior to that on Windows.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Castle |first=Alex |date=February 19, 2014 |title=How to make the Windows desktop look good on high-DPI displays |url=https://www.pcworld.com/article/2098586/how-to-make-the-windows-desktop-look-good-on-high-dpi-displays.html |access-date=September 25, 2020 |website=PC World |archive-date=August 14, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814125238/https://www.pcworld.com/article/2098586/how-to-make-the-windows-desktop-look-good-on-high-dpi-displays.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Cunningham |first=Andrew |date=April 13, 2015 |title=Using the Retina MacBook as a Windows PC |url=https://arstechnica.com/apple/2015/04/using-the-retina-macbook-as-a-windows-pc |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150709032324/https://arstechnica.com/apple/2015/04/using-the-retina-macbook-as-a-windows-pc |archive-date=July 9, 2015 |access-date=9 July 2015 |website=Ars Technica |df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hutchinson |first=Lee |date=October 28, 2014 |title=The Retina iMac and its 5K display… as a gaming machine? [Updated] |url=https://arstechnica.com/apple/2014/10/the-retina-imac-and-its-5k-display-as-a-gaming-machine/2 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710182330/https://arstechnica.com/apple/2014/10/the-retina-imac-and-its-5k-display-as-a-gaming-machine/2 |archive-date=July 10, 2015 |access-date=9 July 2015 |website=Ars Technica |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

The [[human interface guidelines]] published by Apple for macOS are followed by many applications, giving them consistent user interface and keyboard shortcuts.<ref>{{Cite book |last=O'Malley |first=Kevin |url=https://archive.org/details/programmingmacos00omal_882 |title=Programming Mac OS X: A Guide for Unix Developers |publisher=Manning |year=2003 |isbn=1-930110-85-5 |page=[https://archive.org/details/programmingmacos00omal_882/page/n33 7] |url-access=limited}}</ref> In addition, new services for applications are included, which include spelling and grammar checkers, special characters palette, color picker, font chooser and dictionary; these global features are present in every Cocoa application, adding consistency. The graphics system [[OpenGL]] composites windows onto the screen to allow hardware-accelerated drawing. This technology, introduced in version 10.2, is called [[Quartz Compositor|Quartz Extreme]], a component of [[Quartz (graphics layer)|Quartz]]. Quartz's internal imaging model correlates well with the [[Portable Document Format]] (PDF) imaging model, making it easy to output PDF to multiple devices.<ref name="davidson" /> As a side result, PDF viewing and creating PDF documents from any application are built-in features.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mac OS X. It's what makes a Mac a Mac. |url=https://www.apple.com/macosx/what-is-macosx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110222230151/https://www.apple.com/macosx/what-is-macosx |archive-date=February 22, 2011 |access-date=March 2, 2011 |publisher=[[Apple Inc.|Apple]] |df=mdy-all}}</ref> Reflecting its popularity with design users, macOS also has system support for a variety of professional video and image formats and includes an extensive pre-installed font library, featuring many prominent brand-name designs.<ref name="Making the ultimate creative content OS from bits of Windows, Mac, and Linux">{{Cite web |last=Girard |first=Dave |date=September 9, 2013 |title=Making the ultimate creative content OS from bits of Windows, Mac, and Linux |url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2013/09/making-the-ultimate-creative-content-os-ubercreate-os-1-0 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150819081828/https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2013/09/making-the-ultimate-creative-content-os-ubercreate-os-1-0 |archive-date=August 19, 2015 |access-date=14 August 2015 |website=Ars Technica |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

=== Built-in components ===
{{Main|List of built-in macOS apps}}

The [[Finder (software)|Finder]] is a file browser allowing quick access to all areas of the computer, which has been modified throughout subsequent releases of macOS.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Holwerda |first=Thom |date=December 6, 2007 |title=Review: Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard |url=https://www.osnews.com/story/18992/Review_Mac_OS_X_10_5_Leopard/page2 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090515190607/https://www.osnews.com/story/18992/Review_Mac_OS_X_10_5_Leopard/page2 |archive-date=May 15, 2009 |access-date=April 15, 2009 |publisher=OS News |quote=The next area where Apple claims to have made major improvements is the Finder. |df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Siracusa |first=John |date=January 26, 2006 |title=Finding Leopard |url=https://arstechnica.com/staff/fatbits/2006/01/2673.ars |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090204195034/https://arstechnica.com/staff/fatbits/2006/01/2673.ars |archive-date=February 4, 2009 |access-date=April 15, 2009 |website=[[Ars Technica]] |publisher=[[Condé Nast Publishing|Condé Nast Digital]] |quote=Unsurprisingly, each new Mac OS X release has been the vehicle for a parade of Finder fantasies. |df=mdy-all}}</ref> [[Quick Look]] has been part of the Finder since [[Mac OS X Leopard|version 10.5]]. It allows for dynamic previews of files, including videos and multi-page documents without opening any other applications. [[Spotlight (software)|Spotlight]], a file searching technology which has been integrated into the Finder since [[Mac OS X Tiger|version 10.4]], allows rapid real-time searches of data files; mail messages; photos; and other information based on item properties (metadata) or content.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Siracusa |first=John |date=April 28, 2005 |title=Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger |url=https://arstechnica.com/apple/reviews/2005/04/macosx-10-4.ars/9 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090402204130/https://arstechnica.com/apple/reviews/2005/04/macosx-10-4.ars/9 |archive-date=April 2, 2009 |access-date=April 15, 2009 |website=[[Ars Technica]] |publisher=[[Condé Nast Publishing|Condé Nast Digital]] |df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=November 6, 2008 |title=Mac 101: Spotlight |url=https://support.apple.com/kb/HT2531 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090119031831/https://support.apple.com/kb/HT2531 |archive-date=January 19, 2009 |access-date=April 15, 2009 |publisher=[[Apple Inc.|Apple]] |df=mdy-all}}</ref> macOS makes use of a [[Dock (Mac OS X)|Dock]], which holds file and folder shortcuts as well as minimized windows.

Apple added Exposé in [[Mac OS X Panther|version 10.3]] (called [[Mission Control (macOS)|Mission Control]] since [[Mac OS X Lion|version 10.7]]), a feature which includes three functions to help accessibility between windows and desktop. Its functions are to instantly reveal all open windows as thumbnails for easy navigation to different tasks, display all open windows as thumbnails from the current application, and hide all windows to access the desktop.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 31, 2008 |title=Mac 101: Exposé |url=https://support.apple.com/kb/HT2503 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216053853/https://support.apple.com/kb/HT2503 |archive-date=December 16, 2008 |access-date=December 16, 2008 |publisher=[[Apple Inc.|Apple]] |df=mdy-all}}</ref> [[FileVault]] is optional encryption of the user's files with the 128-bit [[Advanced Encryption Standard]] (AES-128).<ref>{{Cite web |title=About FileVault |url=https://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?path=Mac/10.5/en/8727.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090113170834/https://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?path=Mac%2F10.5%2Fen%2F8727.html |archive-date=January 13, 2009 |access-date=December 16, 2008 |website=Mac OS X 10.5 Help |publisher=[[Apple Inc.|Apple]] |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

Features introduced in [[Mac OS X Tiger|version 10.4]] include [[Automator (software)|Automator]], an application designed to create an automatic workflow for different tasks;<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 6, 2008 |title=Mac 101: Automator |url=https://support.apple.com/kb/HT2488 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081221115524/https://support.apple.com/kb/HT2488 |archive-date=December 21, 2008 |access-date=December 16, 2008 |publisher=[[Apple Inc.|Apple]] |df=mdy-all}}</ref> [[Dashboard (Mac OS)|Dashboard]], a full-screen group of small applications called [[desktop widget]]s that can be called up and dismissed in one keystroke;<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 11, 2008 |title=Mac 101: Dashboard |url=https://support.apple.com/kb/HT2492 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081210111941/https://support.apple.com/kb/HT2492 |archive-date=December 10, 2008 |access-date=December 16, 2008 |publisher=[[Apple Inc.|Apple]] |df=mdy-all}}</ref> and [[Front Row (software)|Front Row]], a media viewer interface accessed by the [[Apple Remote]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Front Row |url=https://www.apple.com/macosx/features/300.html#frontrow |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081215210759/https://www.apple.com/macosx/features/300.html#frontrow |archive-date=December 15, 2008 |access-date=December 16, 2008 |publisher=[[Apple Inc.|Apple]]}}</ref> Sync Services allows applications to access a centralized extensible database for various elements of user data, including calendar and contact items. The operating system then managed conflicting edits and data consistency.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 31, 2007 |title=Why Use Sync Services? |url=https://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Conceptual/SyncServices/Articles/WhySyncServices.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081012141434/https://developer.apple.com/documentation/Cocoa/Conceptual/SyncServices/Articles/WhySyncServices.html |archive-date=October 12, 2008 |access-date=December 16, 2008 |publisher=[[Apple Inc.|Apple]]}}</ref>

All system icons are scalable up to 512×512 pixels as of [[Mac OS X Leopard|version 10.5]] to accommodate various places where they appear in larger size, including for example the [[Cover Flow]] view, a [[3D computer graphics|three-dimensional]] graphical user interface included with [[iTunes]], the Finder, and other Apple products for visually skimming through files and digital media libraries via cover artwork. That version also introduced [[Spaces (software)|Spaces]], a [[virtual desktop]] implementation which enables the user to have more than one desktop and display them in an Exposé-like interface;<ref>{{Cite web |title=Spaces. Room for everything. |url=https://www.apple.com/macosx/features/spaces.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081215205127/https://www.apple.com/macosx/features/spaces.html |archive-date=December 15, 2008 |access-date=December 16, 2008 |publisher=[[Apple Inc.|Apple]]}}</ref> an automatic backup technology called [[Time Machine (macOS)|Time Machine]], which allows users to view and restore previous versions of files and application data;<ref>{{Cite web |title=Time Machine. A giant leap backward. |url=https://www.apple.com/macosx/features/timemachine.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081215222504/https://www.apple.com/macosx/features/timemachine.html |archive-date=December 15, 2008 |access-date=December 16, 2008 |publisher=[[Apple Inc.|Apple]] |df=mdy-all}}</ref> and Screen Sharing was built in for the first time.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Finder |url=https://www.apple.com/macosx/features/300.html#finder |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081215210759/https://www.apple.com/macosx/features/300.html |archive-date=December 15, 2008 |access-date=December 16, 2008 |publisher=[[Apple Inc.|Apple]]}}</ref>

In more recent releases, Apple has developed support for [[emoji]] characters by including the proprietary [[Apple Color Emoji]] font.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jeff Blagdon |date=2013-03-04 |title=How emoji conquered the world |url=https://www.theverge.com/2013/3/4/3966140/how-emoji-conquered-the-world |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130306003148/https://www.theverge.com/2013/3/4/3966140/how-emoji-conquered-the-world |archive-date=March 6, 2013 |access-date=2014-07-28 |website=The Verge |df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="Smile, You're Speaking EMOJI: the rapid evolution of a wordless tongue">{{Cite web |last=Sternbergh |first=Adam |date=November 17, 2014 |title=Smile, You're Speaking EMOJI: the rapid evolution of a wordless tongue |url=https://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2014/11/emojis-rapid-evolution.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326144817/https://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2014/11/emojis-rapid-evolution.html |archive-date=March 26, 2017 |access-date=15 August 2015 |website=New York magazine |df=mdy-all}}</ref> Apple has also connected macOS with social networks such as [[Twitter]] and [[Facebook]] through the addition of share buttons for content such as pictures and text.<ref>{{Cite web |title=OS X Mountain Lion: Share with iCloud, Facebook, Twitter, and other services |url=https://support.apple.com/kb/PH11435?locale=en_US |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419023942/https://support.apple.com/kb/PH11435?locale=en_US |archive-date=April 19, 2016 |access-date=14 August 2015 |publisher=Apple |df=mdy-all}}</ref> Apple has brought several applications and features that originally debuted in [[iOS]], its mobile operating system, to macOS in recent releases, notably the [[intelligent personal assistant]] [[Siri]], which was introduced in [[macOS Sierra|version 10.12]] of macOS.<ref name="siri1">{{Cite web |title=13 Things You Can Do with macOS Sierra You Couldn't Before |url=https://fieldguide.gizmodo.com/13-things-you-can-do-with-macos-sierra-you-couldnt-befo-1787059614 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160927150746/https://fieldguide.gizmodo.com/13-things-you-can-do-with-macos-sierra-you-couldnt-befo-1787059614 |archive-date=September 27, 2016 |access-date=September 28, 2016 |website=[[Gizmodo]] |date=September 27, 2016 |df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="siri2">{{Cite magazine |title=How to use Siri in macOS Sierra: A look at using the Apple's virtual assistant on the Mac |url=https://www.macworld.com/article/3088224/macs/how-to-use-siri-on-macos-sierra.html |url-status=live |magazine=[[Macworld]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204005925/https://www.macworld.com/article/3088224/macs/how-to-use-siri-on-macos-sierra.html |archive-date=February 4, 2017 |access-date=September 28, 2016 |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

=== Multilingual support ===
There are 47 system languages available in macOS for the user at the moment of installation; the system language is used throughout the entire operating system environment.<ref name="macoslanguages">{{Cite web |title=macOS – How to Upgrade – Apple |url=https://www.apple.com/macos/how-to-upgrade |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160927013442/https://www.apple.com/macos/how-to-upgrade |archive-date=September 27, 2016 |access-date=September 28, 2016 |publisher=[[Apple Inc.|Apple]] |df=mdy-all}}</ref> Input methods for typing in dozens of scripts can be chosen independently of the system language.<ref name="languages">{{Cite web |title=System – New system languages. |url=https://www.apple.com/macosx/whats-new/features.html#system |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110623030050/https://www.apple.com/macosx/whats-new/features.html |archive-date=June 23, 2011 |access-date=June 6, 2011 |publisher=[[Apple Inc.|Apple]]}}</ref> Recent updates have added increased support for [[Chinese characters]] and interconnections with popular social networks in [[China]].<ref name="Apple's Tim Cook visits China to talk expansion, expansion, expansion">{{Cite web |last=Cheng |first=Jacqui |date=January 10, 2013 |title=Apple's Tim Cook visits China to talk expansion, expansion, expansion |url=https://arstechnica.com/apple/2013/01/apples-tim-cook-visits-china-to-talk-expansion-expansion-expansion |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150918220931/https://arstechnica.com/apple/2013/01/apples-tim-cook-visits-china-to-talk-expansion-expansion-expansion |archive-date=September 18, 2015 |access-date=14 August 2015 |website=Ars Technica |df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="Next version of OS X to be more iOS-like than ever with Mountain Lion">{{Cite web |last=Foresman |first=Chris |date=February 16, 2012 |title=Next version of OS X to be more iOS-like than ever with Mountain Lion |url=https://arstechnica.com/apple/2012/02/apple-unleashes-mountain-lion-on-developers-set-for-summer-release |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150820063157/https://arstechnica.com/apple/2012/02/apple-unleashes-mountain-lion-on-developers-set-for-summer-release |archive-date=August 20, 2015 |access-date=14 August 2015 |website=Ars Technica |publisher=Conde Nast |df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="Apple targets China, Japan with new OS X El Capitan system fonts and input">{{Cite web |last=Campbell |first=Mikey |title=Apple targets China, Japan with new OS X El Capitan system fonts and input |url=https://appleinsider.com/articles/15/06/08/apple-targets-china-japan-with-new-os-x-el-capitan-system-fonts-and-input |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906180240/https://appleinsider.com/articles/15/06/08/apple-targets-china-japan-with-new-os-x-el-capitan-system-fonts-and-input |archive-date=September 6, 2015 |access-date=14 August 2015 |website=Apple Insider |date=June 8, 2015 |df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="chinamtnlion">{{Cite web |last=Panzarino |first=Matthew |date=February 16, 2012 |title=Apple courts China with Sina Weibo, Baidu, Youku and more integrated in Mountain Lion |url=https://thenextweb.com/apple/2012/02/16/apple-is-serious-about-china-sina-weibo-baidu-youku-and-more-integrated-into-mountain-lion |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321020638/https://thenextweb.com/apple/2012/02/16/apple-is-serious-about-china-sina-weibo-baidu-youku-and-more-integrated-into-mountain-lion |archive-date=March 21, 2012 |access-date=March 15, 2012 |publisher=The Next Web |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

=== Updating methods ===
{{Anchor|Functionality|Software Update}}

macOS can be updated using the Software Update settings pane in [[System Settings]] or the <code>softwareupdate</code> [[command line]] utility. Until [[OS X Mountain Lion|OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion]], a separate [[List of macOS components#Software Update|Software Update]] application performed this functionality. In Mountain Lion and later, this was merged into the [[Mac App Store]] application, although the underlying update mechanism remains unchanged and is fundamentally different from the download mechanism used when purchasing an App Store application. In [[macOS Mojave|macOS 10.14 Mojave]], the updating function was moved again to the Software Update settings pane.

Most Macs receive six or seven years of macOS updates. After a new major release of macOS, the previous two releases still receive occasional updates, but many security vulnerabilities are only patched in the latest macOS release.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Cunningham |first=Andrew |date=2022-10-27 |title=Apple clarifies security update policy: Only the latest OSes are fully patched |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2022/10/apple-clarifies-security-update-policy-only-the-latest-oses-are-fully-patched/ |access-date=2023-02-12 |website=Ars Technica |language=en-us |archive-date=February 12, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212160619/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2022/10/apple-clarifies-security-update-policy-only-the-latest-oses-are-fully-patched/ |url-status=live }}</ref>