Editing Macroevolution (section)

=== Evolution of bat wings ===
The wings of [[bat]]s have the same structural elements (bones) as any other five-fingered mammal (see [[Limb development|periodicity in limb development]]). However, the finger bones in bats are dramatically elongated, so the question is how these bones became so long. It has been shown that certain growth factors such as [[bone morphogenetic protein]]s (specifically [[Bone morphogenetic protein 2|Bmp2]]) is over expressed so that it stimulates an elongation of certain bones. Genetic changes in the bat genome identified the changes that lead to this phenotype and it has been recapitulated in mice: when specific bat DNA is inserted in the mouse genome, recapitulating these mutations, the bones of mice grow longer.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last1=Sears |first1=Karen E. |last2=Behringer |first2=Richard R. |last3=Rasweiler |first3=John J. |last4=Niswander |first4=Lee A. |date=2006-04-25 |title=Development of bat flight: Morphologic and molecular evolution of bat wing digits |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |language=en |volume=103 |issue=17 |pages=6581–6586 |doi=10.1073/pnas.0509716103 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=1458926 |pmid=16618938|bibcode=2006PNAS..103.6581S |doi-access=free }}</ref>