Editing Microsoft PowerPoint (section)

===Uses beyond business===
At the same time that PowerPoint was becoming dominant in business settings, it was also being adopted for uses beyond business: "Personal computing ... scaled up the production of presentations. ... The result has been the rise of presentation culture. In an information society, nearly everyone presents."<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Robles-Anderson |first1=Erica |last2=Svensson |first2=Patrik |date=January 15, 2016 |title='One Damn Slide After Another': PowerPoint at Every Occasion for Speech |url=http://computationalculture.net/article/one-damn-slide-after-another-powerpoint-at-every-occasion-for-speech |journal=Computational Culture |issn=2047-2390 |volume=1 |issue=5 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906030606/http://computationalculture.net/article/one-damn-slide-after-another-powerpoint-at-every-occasion-for-speech |url-status=live |archive-date=September 6, 2017 |access-date=September 6, 2017}}</ref>

In 1998, at about the same time that Gold was pronouncing PowerPoint's ubiquity in business, the influential [[Bell Labs]] engineer [[Robert W. Lucky]] could already write about broader uses:<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lucky |first=Robert W. |author-link=Robert W. Lucky |date=January 1998 |title=The World According to PowerPoint |department=Reflections |journal=[[IEEE Spectrum]] |publication-date=January 1998 |volume=35 |issue=1 |page=17 |issn=0018-9235 |doi=10.1109/MSPEC.1998.646010 }}</ref>

{{Blockquote|... the world has run amok with the giddy power of presentation graphics. A new language is in the air, and it is codified in PowerPoint. ... In a family discussion about what to do on a given evening, for example, I feel like pulling out my laptop and giving a [[Viewgraph|Vugraph]] presentation... In church, I am surprised that the preachers haven't caught on yet. ... How have we gotten on so long without PowerPoint?}}

Over a decade or so, beginning in the mid-1990s, PowerPoint began to be used in many communication situations, well beyond its original business presentation uses, to include teaching in schools<ref>{{Cite news |last=Guernsey |first=Lisa |date=May 31, 2001 |title=PowerPoint Invades the Classroom |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/05/31/technology/31POWE.html |department=Technology |newspaper=New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606211756/http://www.nytimes.com/2001/05/31/technology/powerpoint-invades-the-classroom.html |url-status=live |archive-date=June 6, 2017 |access-date=September 23, 2017 |quote=PowerPoint—the must-have presentation software of the corporate world—has infiltrated the schoolhouse. In the coming weeks, students from 12th grade to, yes, kindergarten will finish science projects and polish end-of-the-year presentations on computerized slide shows ... . Software designed for business people has found an audience among the spiral notebook set.}}</ref> and in universities,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Levasseur |first1=David G. |last2=Sawyer |first2=J. Kanan |date=August 19, 2006 |title=Pedagogy Meets PowerPoint: A Research Review of the Effects of Computer-Generated Slides in the Classroom |journal=Review of Communication |issn=1535-8593 |volume=6 |issue=1–2 |pages=101–123 |doi=10.1080/15358590600763383 |s2cid=144022054 |quote=Higher education has certainly not been immune from the growing influence of presentation software. ...  Five years ago, none of our department's classrooms were equipped to show multimedia slides. At present, all of our classrooms have been upgraded with such technology, and faculty are actively encouraged to incorporate slides into their lectures. Our institution is certainly not alone in this trend. A large number of educators in the United States use PowerPoint in their classrooms ...  [with 84 references to earlier studies].}}</ref> lecturing in scientific meetings<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pinker |first=Steven |author-link=Steven Pinker |date=June 10, 2010 |title=Mind Over Mass Media |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/11/opinion/11Pinker.html |department=Opinion Pages |newspaper=New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |page=A31 |edition=New York |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910050739/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/11/opinion/11Pinker.html |url-status=live |archive-date=September 10, 2017 |access-date=September 23, 2017 |quote=These days scientists ... cannot lecture without PowerPoint.}}</ref> (and preparing their related poster sessions<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.umt.edu/ugresearch/documents/make_posters.pdf |title=Making a Large Format Scientific Poster Using PowerPoint |last=<!-- no author attribution --> |date=February 1, 2001 |website=University of Montana |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231122843/http://www.umt.edu/ugresearch/documents/make_posters.pdf |url-status=live |archive-date=December 31, 2013 |access-date=September 23, 2017 |quote=PowerPoint ... can do all the basics [using PowerPoint 2000].}}</ref>), worshipping in churches,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Watson |first=Jeremy |date=August 12, 2005 |title=Presentation software—worship at the click of a mouse |url=http://www.brnow.org/Resources/Archives-2000-2007/August-2005/Presentation-software-worship-at-the-click-of-a-mo |website=BRNow.org |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923182647/https://brnow.org/Resources/Archives-2000-2007/August-2005/Presentation-software-worship-at-the-click-of-a-mo |url-status=live |archive-date=September 23, 2017 |access-date=September 23, 2017 |quote=According to LifeWay, 'Statistics show that around 90 percent of churches that show multimedia during worship use Microsoft PowerPoint.' }}</ref> making legal arguments in courtrooms,<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Armstrong |first=Ken |date=December 23, 2014 |title=The Sneakiest Way Prosecutors Get a Guilty Verdict: PowerPoint |url=https://www.wired.com/2014/12/prosecutors-powerpoint-presentations/ |magazine=Wired |issn=1059-1028 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223195616/http://www.wired.com/2014/12/prosecutors-powerpoint-presentations |url-status=live |archive-date=December 23, 2014 |access-date=September 23, 2017 |quote=The use of sophisticated visuals in the courtroom has boomed in recent years, thanks to research on the power of show-and-tell. ... In one civil case in Los Angeles County, a plaintiff spent $60,000 on a PowerPoint slide show. |df=mdy-all }}</ref> displaying supertitles in theaters,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gordonsupertitles.com/tech.html |title=David Gordon Choral Supertitles |last=Gordon |first=David |author-link=David Gordon (tenor) |date=2015 |website=David Gordon Supertitles |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161023022014/http://gordonsupertitles.com/tech.html |url-status=live |archive-date=October 23, 2016 |access-date=September 23, 2017 |quote= ... supertitles are simple PowerPoint presentations, completely compatible with PCs or Macs.}}</ref> driving helmet-mounted displays in spacesuits for NASA astronauts,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.astrobio.net/moon-to-mars/making-a-list-checking-it-twice/ |title=Making a List, Checking It Twice |last=Bortman |first=Henry |date=October 13, 2005 |website=Astrobiology Magazine | publisher=[[NASA]] |issn=2152-1239 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923193329/https://www.astrobio.net/moon-to-mars/making-a-list-checking-it-twice/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=September 23, 2017 |access-date=September 23, 2017 |quote= ... They're mounted in the helmet so that when you turn and look, there's this little screen that shows the checklist. Now in this case, I've written the checklists and put them in PowerPoint, so we just launch a PowerPoint slide show.  ... It's a real treat to use.}}</ref> giving military briefings,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jaffe |first=Greg |date=April 26, 2000 |title=What's Your Point, Lieutenant? Please, Just Cut to the Pie Charts |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB956703757412556977 |url-access=subscription <!-- but archive is ungated --> |department=A-Hed |newspaper=Wall Street Journal |issn=0099-9660 |edition=US |page=A1 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6ta1rPrxK?url=https://filetea.me/n3wWd80E7jUQBunx1dNjWUTBg |url-status=live |archive-date=September 18, 2017 |access-date=September 18, 2017 |quote=Old-fashioned slide briefings, designed to update generals on troop movements, have been a staple of the military since World War II. But in only a few short years PowerPoint has altered the landscape. |df=mdy-all }}</ref> issuing governmental reports,<ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Pece |first=Gregory S. |title=The PowerPoint Society: The Influence of PowerPoint in the U.S. Government and Bureaucracy |type=M.A. Thesis |url=http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33029 |date=May 10, 2005 |publisher=Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University |hdl=10919/33029 |place=Blacksburg, Virginia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151025221506/http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05202005-065041/unrestricted/PecePPthesis.pdf |url-status=live |archive-date=October 25, 2015 |access-date=September 23, 2017 |quote=The standard method for presenting information in the military and political establishments of the US government is through the projection of data in bullet style and/or graphical formats onto an illuminated screen, using some sort of first analogue, or now, digital media. Since the late 1990s, the most common and expected form of presentation is via the most commonly pre-installed software of presentation genre: Microsoft PowerPoint. This style of presentation has become the norm of communication ... .}}</ref> undertaking diplomatic negotiations,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB234/Powell_slides.pdf |title=Iraq: Failing to Disarm (U.S. Secretary of State Powell's Presentation to the UN Security Council) |last=Powell |first=Colin |author-link=Colin Powell |date=February 5, 2003 |website=The National Security Archive (George Washington University) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505133227/http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB234/Powell_slides.pdf |url-status=live |archive-date=May 5, 2015 |access-date=September 23, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Peterson |first=Scott |date=July 9, 2012 |title=Iran makes its nuclear case—with PowerPoint |url=https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2012/0709/Iran-makes-its-nuclear-case-with-PowerPoint |newspaper=Christian Science Monitor |issn=0882-7729 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923225938/https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2012/0709/Iran-makes-its-nuclear-case-with-PowerPoint |url-status=live |archive-date=September 23, 2017 |access-date=September 23, 2017 |quote=The complete set of PowerPoint slides that Iran used during a meeting with world powers are now public.}}</ref> writing novels,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Egan |first=Jennifer |author-link=Jennifer Egan |title=A Visit from the Goon Squad |year=2010 |publisher=Alfred A. Knopf |isbn=978-0-307-59283-5 |pages=176–251|title-link=A Visit from the Goon Squad }}</ref> giving architectural demonstrations,<ref>{{Cite report |last1=Stark |first1=David |last2=Paravel |first2=Verena |date=February 2007 |title=PowerPoint Demonstrations: Digital Technologies of Persuasion (Working Paper 07-04) |publisher=Institute for Social and Economic Research and Policy, Columbia University |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237291359 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6bt9xmP7K?url=https://filetea.me/t1shl0UDrmOR925XRRrRzWB6w |url-status=live |archive-date=September 28, 2015 |access-date=September 23, 2017 }}</ref> prototyping website designs,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://boxesandarrows.com/interactive-prototypes-with-powerpoint/ |title=Interactive Prototypes with PowerPoint |last=Kelly |first=Maureen |date=August 7, 2007 |website=Boxes and Arrows |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905092717/http://boxesandarrows.com/interactive-prototypes-with-powerpoint/ |url-status=live |archive-date=September 5, 2015 |access-date=September 23, 2017 |quote= ... many designers ... use PowerPoint for blocking out screens without ever discovering the interactive features for creating hyperlinks, buttons, and dynamic mouseover effects. Yes, PowerPoint can do all that.}}</ref> creating animated video games,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Greenberg |first=Andy |author-link=Andy Greenberg |date=May 11, 2010 |title=The Underground Art Of PowerPoint |url=https://www.forbes.com/2010/05/10/microsoft-software-iphone-technology-powerpoint.html |newspaper=Forbes |issn=0015-6914 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630132845/https://www.forbes.com/2010/05/10/microsoft-software-iphone-technology-powerpoint.html |url-status=live |archive-date=June 30, 2017 |access-date=September 15, 2017 |quote= ... a subculture of PowerPoint enthusiasts is teaching the old application new tricks, and may even be turning a dry presentation format into a full-fledged artistic medium.}}</ref> editing images,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://blogs.articulate.com/rapid-elearning/5-ways-to-use-powerpoint-as-an-image-editor/ | title=5 Ways to Use PowerPoint as an Image Editor | date=February 27, 2018 }}</ref> creating art projects,<ref name="Vienne">{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/08/17/books/art-architecture-david-byrne-s-alternate-powerpoint-universe.html |last=Vienne |first=Veronique |date=August 17, 2003 |title=David Byrne's Alternate PowerPoint Universe |newspaper=New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |department=Art/Architecture |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114105710/http://www.nytimes.com/2003/08/17/books/art-architecture-david-byrne-s-alternate-powerpoint-universe.html |url-status=live |archive-date=November 14, 2012 |access-date=September 15, 2017 |quote=With his newest project, David Byrne has tried not only to see it [PowerPoint] anew, but also to use it in the least likely of all applications: a medium for creative expression.}}</ref> and even as a substitute for writing engineering technical reports,<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Columbia Accident Investigation Board |author-link1=Columbia Accident Investigation Board |last2=National Aeronautics and Space Administration | author-link2=NASA |year=2003 |title=Report Volume I |url=https://www.nasa.gov/columbia/home/CAIB_Vol1.html |chapter=7. The Accident's Organizational Causes |chapter-url=https://s3.amazonaws.com/akamai.netstorage/anon.nasa-global/CAIB/CAIB_lowres_chapter7.pdf |page=191 |isbn=978-0-16-067904-9 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202012844/http://s3.amazonaws.com/akamai.netstorage/anon.nasa-global/CAIB/CAIB_lowres_chapter7.pdf |url-status=live |archive-date=December 2, 2016 |access-date=September 23, 2017 |quote=At many points during its investigation, the Board was surprised to receive similar presentation slides from NASA officials in place of technical reports. The Board views the endemic use of PowerPoint briefing slides instead of technical papers as an illustration of the problematic methods of technical communication at NASA.}}</ref> and as an organizing tool for writing general business documents.<ref>{{Cite journal |url=https://hbr.org/2015/07/why-i-write-in-powerpoint |title=Why I Write in PowerPoint |last=Duarte |first=Nancy |author-link=Nancy Duarte |date=July 27, 2015 |journal=Harvard Business Review |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305000950/https://hbr.org/2015/07/why-i-write-in-powerpoint |url-status=live |archive-date=March 5, 2016 |access-date=September 21, 2017 |quote=Because PowerPoint is so modular, it allows me to block out major themes (potential sections or chapters) and quickly see if I can generate ample ideas to support them. ... Working in slides, as opposed to one long document, helps me focus on organizing before I really begin writing. I think of the slides as index cards or sticky notes that can be arranged and rearranged until I'm sure my thoughts are in the right order. As I write, I can easily toggle back and forth from 'Slide View' to 'Slide Sorter' to get a sense of the whole and the parts.}}</ref>

By 2003, it seemed that PowerPoint was being used everywhere. Julia Keller reported for the ''Chicago Tribune'':<ref>{{Cite news |last=Keller |first=Julia |date=January 22, 2003 |title=Is PowerPoint the Devil? |url=http://www.rasmusen.org/g751/06d-readings/Keller_%20Is%20PowerPoint%20the%20devil_.pdf |newspaper=Chicago Tribune |issn=1085-6706 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170904163317/http://www.rasmusen.org/g751/06d-readings/Keller_%20Is%20PowerPoint%20the%20devil_.pdf |url-status=live |archive-date=September 4, 2017 |access-date=September 6, 2017}}</ref>

{{Blockquote |PowerPoint ... is one of the most pervasive and ubiquitous technological tools ever concocted. In less than a decade, it has revolutionized the worlds of business, education, science, and communications, swiftly becoming the standard for just about anybody who wants to explain just about anything to just about anybody else. From corporate middle managers reporting on production goals to 4th-graders fashioning a show-and-tell on the French and Indian War to church pastors explicating the seven deadly sins ... PowerPoint seems poised for world domination.}}