Editing Monarchy (section)

===Elective monarchies===

{{see also| Jure uxoris}}
{{unreferenced section|date=November 2018}}
[[File:Pope Francis Korea Haemi Castle 19.jpg|thumb|[[Pope Francis]], Sovereign of the [[Vatican City|Vatican City State]] from 2013 to 2025]]
In an [[elective monarchy]], monarchs are [[Election|elected]] or appointed by somebody (an [[electoral college]]) for life or a defined period, but then reign like any other monarch. There is no popular vote involved in elective monarchies, as the elective body usually consists of a small number of eligible people. Historical examples of elective monarchy are the [[Holy Roman Emperor]]s (chosen by [[prince-elector]]s but often coming from the same dynasty) and the [[Royal elections in Poland|free election]] of kings of the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]]. For example, [[Pepin the Short]] (father of [[Charlemagne]]) was elected [[List of Frankish kings|King of the Franks]] by an assembly of Frankish leading men;<ref>{{Cite book |first=John |last=Middleton |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/920786632 |title=World monarchies and dynasties |date=2015 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-7656-8050-1 |oclc=920786632}}</ref> nobleman [[Stanisław August Poniatowski]] of Poland was an elected king, as was [[Frederick I of Denmark]]. [[Gauls|Gallic]] and [[Germanic peoples]] also had elective monarchies.

Six forms of elective monarchies exist today. The [[Pope]] of the [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic Church]] (who rules as [[Sovereign]] of the [[Vatican City|Vatican City State]]) is [[Papal conclave|elected]] for life by the [[College of Cardinals]]. In the [[Sovereign Military Order of Malta]], the [[List of grand masters of the Knights Hospitaller|Prince and Grand Master]] is elected for life tenure by the Council Complete of State from within its members. In [[Malaysia]], the federal king, called the [[Yang di-Pertuan Agong]] or Paramount Ruler, is elected for a five-year term from among and by the hereditary rulers (mostly [[sultan]]s) of nine of the federation's constitutive [[States and federal territories of Malaysia|states]], all on the [[Malay Peninsula|Malay peninsula]]. The [[United Arab Emirates]] also chooses its federal leaders from among emirs of the federated states. Furthermore, [[Andorra]] has a unique constitutional arrangement as one of its heads of state is the President of the [[France|French Republic]] in the form of a [[Co-Princes of Andorra|Co-Prince]]. This is the only instance in the world where the monarch of a state is elected by the citizens of a different country. In New Zealand, the Maori King, head of the Kingitanga Movement, is elected by a council of Maori elders at the funeral of their predecessor, which is also where their coronation takes place. All of the Heads of the Maori King Movement have been descendants of the first Maori King, Potatau Te Wherowhero, who was elected and became King in June 1858. The current monarch is Queen [[Nga wai hono i te po|Nga wai hono i te po]], who was elected and became Queen on 5 September 2024 after the death of her father, King [[Tūheitia|Tūheitia]], on 30 August 2024. As well as being Queen and head of the Kingitanga Movement, Queen Nga wai hono i te po is also ''ex officio'' the Paramount Chief of the Waikato-Tainui tribe.

Appointment by the current monarch is another system, used in [[Jordan]]. It also was used in [[Russian Empire|Imperial Russia]]; however, it was soon changed to semi-Salic because the instability of the appointment system resulted in [[History of Russia (1721–1796)|an age of palace revolutions]]. In this system, the monarch chooses the successor, who is always his relative.