Editing Mycotoxin (section)

===Regulations===
Many international agencies are trying to achieve universal standardization of regulatory limits for mycotoxins. Currently, over 100 countries have regulations regarding mycotoxins in the feed industry, in which 13 mycotoxins or groups of mycotoxins are of concern.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=van Egmond HP, Schothorst RC, Jonker MA |title=Regulations relating to mycotoxins in food: perspectives in a global and European context |journal=Anal. Bioanal. Chem. |volume=389 |issue=1 |pages=147–57 |year=2007 |pmid=17508207 |doi=10.1007/s00216-007-1317-9|doi-access=free }}</ref> The process of assessing a regulated mycotoxin involves a wide array of in-laboratory testing that includes extracting, clean-up columns,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-16|title=Multi-Mycotoxin SPE-Column CossTOX|url=https://www.lctech.de/en/products/immunoaffinity-and-further-clean-up-columns/multi-mycotoxin-spe-column-cosstox.html|access-date=2021-01-21|website=www.lctech.de|language=en-EN|archive-date=2021-03-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305033202/https://www.lctech.de/en/products/immunoaffinity-and-further-clean-up-columns/multi-mycotoxin-spe-column-cosstox.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> and separation techniques.<ref name=Shephard08>{{cite journal |author=Shephard GS |title=Determination of mycotoxins in human foods |journal=Chem. Soc. Rev. |volume=37 |issue=11 |pages=2468–77 |year=2008 |pmid=18949120 |doi=10.1039/b713084h}}</ref> Most official regulations and control methods are based on high-performance liquid techniques (e.g., [[high-performance liquid chromatography|HPLC]]) through international bodies.<ref name=Shephard08/> It is implied that any regulations regarding these toxins will be in co-ordinance with any other countries with which a trade agreement exists. Many of the standards for the method performance analysis for mycotoxins is set by the [[European Committee for Standardization]] (CEN).<ref name=Shephard08/> However, one must take note that scientific risk assessment is commonly influenced by culture and politics, which, in turn, will affect trade regulations of mycotoxins.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Kendra DF, Dyer RB |title=Opportunities for biotechnology and policy regarding mycotoxin issues in international trade |journal=Int. J. Food Microbiol. |volume=119 |issue=1–2 |pages=147–51 |year=2007 |pmid=17727996 |doi=10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.07.036 |url=https://naldc-legacy.nal.usda.gov/naldc/download.xhtml?id=9852&content=PDF |access-date=2018-12-29 |archive-date=2021-04-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428035917/https://naldc-legacy.nal.usda.gov/naldc/download.xhtml?id=9852&content=PDF |url-status=dead |url-access=subscription }}</ref>

Food-based mycotoxins were studied extensively worldwide throughout the 20th century. In Europe, [[statutory]] levels of a range of mycotoxins permitted in food and animal feed are set by a range of European [[Directive (European Union)|directives]] and [[European Commission|EC]] regulations. The [[U.S. Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) has regulated and enforced limits on concentrations of mycotoxins in foods and feed industries since 1985. It is through various compliance programs that the FDA monitors these industries to guarantee that mycotoxins are kept at a practical level. These compliance programs sample food products including peanuts and peanut products, tree nuts, corn and corn products, cottonseed, and milk. There is still a lack of sufficient surveillance data on some mycotoxins that occur in the U.S.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Wood GE |title=Mycotoxins in foods and feeds in the United States |journal=J. Anim. Sci. |volume=70 |issue=12 |pages=3941–49 |date=1 December 1992|pmid=1474031|doi=10.2527/1992.70123941x |s2cid=1991432 }}</ref>