Editing Non-coding RNA (section)

=== As a hormone ===

There is an important link between certain non-coding RNAs and the control of hormone-regulated pathways. In ''[[Drosophila]]'', hormones such as [[ecdysone]] and [[juvenile hormone]] can promote the expression of certain miRNAs. Furthermore, this regulation occurs at distinct temporal points within ''Caenorhabditis elegans'' development.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Sempere LF, Sokol NS, Dubrovsky EB, Berger EM, Ambros V | title = Temporal regulation of microRNA expression in Drosophila melanogaster mediated by hormonal signals and broad-Complex gene activity | journal = Developmental Biology | volume = 259 | issue = 1 | pages = 9–18 | date = July 2003 | pmid = 12812784 | doi = 10.1016/S0012-1606(03)00208-2 | s2cid = 17249847 | doi-access = free }}</ref> In mammals, [[Mir-206|miR-206]] is a crucial regulator of [[estrogen]]-receptor-alpha.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Adams BD, Furneaux H, White BA | title = The micro-ribonucleic acid (miRNA) miR-206 targets the human estrogen receptor-alpha (ERalpha) and represses ERalpha messenger RNA and protein expression in breast cancer cell lines | journal = Molecular Endocrinology | volume = 21 | issue = 5 | pages = 1132–1147 | date = May 2007 | pmid = 17312270 | doi = 10.1210/me.2007-0022 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

Non-coding RNAs are crucial in the development of several endocrine organs, as well as in endocrine diseases such as [[diabetes mellitus]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Knoll M, Lodish HF, Sun L | title = Long non-coding RNAs as regulators of the endocrine system | journal = Nature Reviews. Endocrinology | volume = 11 | issue = 3 | pages = 151–160 | date = March 2015 | pmid = 25560704 | pmc = 4376378 | doi = 10.1038/nrendo.2014.229 | hdl = 1721.1/116703 }}</ref> Specifically in the MCF-7 cell line, addition of 17β-[[estradiol]] increased global transcription of the noncoding RNAs called [[long noncoding RNA]]s (lncRNAs) near estrogen-activated coding genes.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Li W, Notani D, Ma Q, Tanasa B, Nunez E, Chen AY, Merkurjev D, Zhang J, Ohgi K, Song X, Oh S, Kim HS, Glass CK, Rosenfeld MG | display-authors = 6 | title = Functional roles of enhancer RNAs for oestrogen-dependent transcriptional activation | journal = Nature | volume = 498 | issue = 7455 | pages = 516–520 | date = June 2013 | pmid = 23728302 | pmc = 3718886 | doi = 10.1038/nature12210 | bibcode = 2013Natur.498..516L }}</ref>