Editing Nuremberg principles (section)

===Canada===
{{main|Jeremy Hinzman}}

Nuremberg Principle IV, and its reference to an individual's responsibility, was also at issue in [[Canada]] in the case of ''Hinzman v. Canada.'' [[Jeremy Hinzman]] was a [[U.S. Army]] [[deserter]] who claimed [[refugee]] status in Canada as a [[conscientious objector]], one of [[List of Iraq War resisters#Objectors who fled to Canada|many Iraq War resisters]]. Hinzman's lawyer, [[Jeffry House]], had previously raised the issue of the [[legality of the Iraq War]] as having a bearing on their case. The [[Federal Court (Canada)|Federal Court]] ruling was released on March 31, 2006, and denied the refugee status claim.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nowtoronto.com/issues/2006-05-18/news_story5.php|title=AWOL GIs Dealt Legal Blow|date=2006-05-18|author=Mernagh, M.|publisher=Toronto's Now Magazine|access-date=2008-06-02|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070324194828/http://www.nowtoronto.com/issues/2006-05-18/news_story5.php|archive-date=2007-03-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://reports.fja.gc.ca/eng/2006/2006fc420/2006fc420.html|title=Hinzman v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration) (F.C.), 2006 FC 420|pages=(see ''Held,'' Para. (1))|publisher=Office of the Commissioner for Federal Judicial Affairs|access-date=2008-06-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090216100429/http://reports.fja.gc.ca/eng/2006/2006fc420/2006fc420.html|archive-date=2009-02-16|url-status=dead}}</ref> In the decision, Justice [[Anne Mactavish|Anne L. Mactavish]] addressed the issue of personal responsibility:

<blockquote>An individual must be involved at the policy-making level to be culpable for a crime against peace ... the ordinary foot soldier is not expected to make his or her own personal assessment as to the legality of a conflict. Similarly, such an individual cannot be held criminally responsible for fighting in support of an illegal war, assuming that his or her personal war-time conduct is otherwise proper.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nowtoronto.com/news/story.cfm?content=153504&archive=25,38,2006|title=AWOL GIs Dealt Legal Blow|date=2006-05-18|author=Mernagh, M.|publisher=Toronto's Now Magazine|access-date=2008-06-02|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605061945/http://www.nowtoronto.com/news/story.cfm?content=153504&archive=25%2C38%2C2006|archive-date=2011-06-05}}</ref><ref>[http://decisions.fct-cf.gc.ca/en/2006/2006fc420/2006fc420.html ''Hinzman v. Canada''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130628085830/http://decisions.fct-cf.gc.ca/en/2006/2006fc420/2006fc420.html |date=2013-06-28 }} Federal Court decision. Paras (157) and (158). Accessed 2008-06-18</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.inthesetimes.com/article/6949/sanctuary_denied/ |title=Sanctuary Denied |author=Roman Goergen |date=February 23, 2011 |publisher=[[In These Times (publication)|In These Times]] |access-date=6 March 2011 |archive-date=11 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110311094758/http://www.inthesetimes.com/article/6949/sanctuary_denied |url-status=live }}</ref>
</blockquote>

On Nov 15, 2007, a quorum  of the [[Supreme Court of Canada]] consisting of Justices [[Michel Bastarache]], [[Rosalie Abella]], and [[Louise Charron]] refused an application to have the Court hear the case on appeal, without giving reasons.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/top-court-refuses-to-hear-cases-of-u-s-deserters-1.672123|title=Top court refuses to hear cases of U.S. deserters|date=2007-11-15|author=CBC News|publisher=CBC News|access-date=2008-06-02|archive-date=2008-06-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080605000233/http://www.cbc.ca/canada/story/2007/11/15/hinzman-decision.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://csc.lexum.org/en/bulletin/2007/07-11-16.bul/07-11-16.bul.html|title=Supreme Court of Canada – Decisions – Bulletin of November 16, 2007, (See Sections 32111 and 32112)|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721042813/http://csc.lexum.org/en/bulletin/2007/07-11-16.bul/07-11-16.bul.html|archive-date=July 21, 2011}}</ref>