Editing Open access (section)

=== Licenses ===
[[File:DOAJ licenses.png|thumb|Licenses used by gold and hybrid OA journals in DOAJ<ref name="Khing Phyo San">{{Cite web |last=DOAJ |title=Journal metadata |url=https://doaj.org/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827194107/https://doaj.org/ |archive-date=27 August 2016 |access-date=18 May 2019 |website=doaj.org}}</ref>]]
Subscription-based publishing typically requires [[copyright transfer|transfer of copyright]] from authors to the [[academic publisher|publisher]] so that the latter can monetise the process via dissemination and reproduction of the work.<ref name="Matushek 2017">{{Cite journal |last=Matushek |first=Kurt J. |year=2017 |title=Take Another Look at the Instructions for Authors |journal=Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association |volume=250 |issue=3 |pages=258–259 |doi=10.2460/javma.250.3.258 |pmid=28117640 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Bachrach 1998">{{Cite journal |last1=Bachrach |first1=S. |last2=Berry |first2=R. S. |last3=Blume |first3=M. |last4=von Foerster |first4=T. |last5=Fowler |first5=A. |last6=Ginsparg |first6=P. |last7=Heller |first7=S. |last8=Kestner |first8=N. |last9=Odlyzko |first9=A. |last10=Okerson |first10=A. |last11=Wigington |first11=R. |year=1998 |title=Who Should Own Scientific Papers? |journal=Science |volume=281 |issue=5382 |pages=1459–60 |bibcode=1998Sci...281.1459B |doi=10.1126/science.281.5382.1459 |pmid=9750115 |last12=Moffat |first12=A. |s2cid=36290551}}</ref><ref name="Gadd 2003b">{{Cite journal |last1=Gadd |first1=Elizabeth |last2=Oppenheim |first2=Charles |last3=Probets |first3=Steve |year=2003 |title=RoMEO Studies 4: An Analysis of Journal Publishers" Copyright Agreements |url=http://eprints.rclis.org/4846/1/RoMEO%20Studies%204.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Learned Publishing |volume=16 |issue=4 |pages=293–308 |doi=10.1087/095315103322422053 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728211841/http://eprints.rclis.org/4846/1/RoMEO%20Studies%204.pdf |archive-date=28 July 2020 |access-date=9 September 2019 |hdl=10150/105141|s2cid=40861778 }}</ref><ref name="Willinsky 2002">{{Cite journal |last=Willinsky |first=John |year=2002 |title=Copyright Contradictions in Scholarly Publishing |journal=First Monday |volume=7 |issue=11 |doi=10.5210/fm.v7i11.1006 |s2cid=39334346 |doi-access=free }}</ref> With OA publishing, typically authors retain copyright to their work, and [[license]] its reproduction to the publisher.<ref name="Carroll 2011">{{Cite journal |last=Carroll |first=Michael W. |year=2011 |title=Why Full Open Access Matters |journal=PLOS Biology |volume=9 |issue=11 |pages=e1001210 |doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.1001210 |pmc=3226455 |pmid=22140361 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Retention of copyright by authors can support [[academic freedom]]s by enabling greater control of the work (e.g. for image re-use) or licensing agreements (e.g. to allow dissemination by others).<ref name="Davies 2015">{{Cite journal |last=Davies |first=Mark |year=2015 |title=Academic Freedom: A Lawyer's Perspective |url=http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/59929/3/Academic%20freedom%20Article%20%28final%20draft%20-%20preproof%29.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Higher Education |volume=70 |issue=6 |pages=987–1002 |doi=10.1007/s10734-015-9884-8 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191223173621/http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/59929/3/Academic%20freedom%20Article%20%28final%20draft%20-%20preproof%29.pdf |archive-date=23 December 2019 |access-date=28 August 2019 |s2cid=144222460}}</ref>

The most common licenses used in open access publishing are [[Creative Commons license|Creative Commons]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite SSRN |title=Open Access Publishing: A Literature Review |last=Frosio |first=Giancarlo F. |date=2014 |ssrn=2697412}}</ref> The widely used CC BY license is one of the most permissive, only requiring attribution to be allowed to use the material (and allowing derivations and commercial use).<ref>{{Cite SSRN |title=Creative Commons Licenses: Empowering Open Access |last=Peters |first=Diane |last2=Margoni |first2=Thomas |date=10 March 2016 |ssrn=2746044}}</ref> A range of more restrictive Creative Commons licenses are also used. More rarely, some of the smaller academic journals use custom open access licenses.<ref name=":2" /><ref name="Dodds 2018">{{Cite journal |last=Dodds |first=Francis |year=2018 |title=The Changing Copyright Landscape in Academic Publishing |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1342712 |url-status=live |journal=Learned Publishing |volume=31 |issue=3 |pages=270–275 |doi=10.1002/leap.1157 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204104703/https://zenodo.org/record/1342712 |archive-date=4 February 2020 |access-date=4 February 2020 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Some publishers (e.g. [[Elsevier]]) use "author nominal copyright" for OA articles, where the author retains copyright in name only and all rights are transferred to the publisher.<ref name="Morrison 2017">{{Cite journal |last=Morrison |first=Heather |year=2017 |title=From the Field: Elsevier as an Open Access Publisher |journal=The Charleston Advisor |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=53–59 |doi=10.5260/chara.18.3.53 |hdl-access=free |hdl=10393/35779}}</ref><ref name="Alperin 2017">{{Cite journal |last1=Pablo Alperin |first1=Juan |last2=Rozemblum |first2=Cecilia |year=2017 |title=The Reinterpretation of the Visibility and Quality of New Policies to Assess Scientific Publications |journal=Revista Interamericana de Bibliotecología |volume=40 |issue=3 |pages=231–241 |doi=10.17533/udea.rib.v40n3a04 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Frass 2013">{{cite book|author1=W. Frass |author2=J. Cross |author3=V. Gardner|year=2013|title=Open Access Survey: Exploring the Views of Taylor & Francis and Routledge Authors|url=https://files.taylorandfrancis.com/open-access-survey-march2013.pdf|publisher=Taylor & Francis/Routledge}}</ref>