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Operational amplifier
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==== Voltage amplifier ==== The (class-A) voltage gain stage (outlined in [[magenta]]) consists of the two NPN transistors Q15 and Q19 connected in a [[Darlington transistor|Darlington configuration]] and uses the output side of current mirror formed by Q12 and Q13 as its collector (dynamic) load to achieve its high voltage gain. The output sink transistor Q20 receives its base drive from the common collectors of Q15 and Q19; the level-shifter Q16 provides base drive for the output source transistor Q14.<!-- Note the similarity between the transistors Q15 and Q7 -- just accidentally a similar position in the plan, not a matched pair--> The transistor Q22 prevents this stage from delivering excessive current to Q20 and thus limits the output sink current.
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