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Orbital elements
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=== Elements by body type === The choice of elements can differ depending on the type of astronomical body. The eccentricity (''{{mvar|e}}'') and either the semi-major axis (''{{mvar|a}}'') or the distance of periapsis (''{{mvar|q}}'') are used to specify the shape and size of an orbit. The longitude of the ascending node ({{math|Ξ©}}) the inclination (''{{mvar|i}}'') and the argument of periapsis (''{{mvar|Ο}}'') or the [[longitude of periapsis]] (''{{mvar|Ο}}'') specify the orientation of the orbit in its plane. Either the Mean longitude at epoch ({{math|''L''<sub>0</sub>}}) the mean anomaly at epoch ({{math|''M''<sub>0</sub>}}) or the time of periapsis passage ({{math|''T''<sub>0</sub>}}) are used to specify a known point in the orbit. The choices made depend whether the vernal equinox or the node are used as the primary reference.<ref name="Green2">{{cite book |last=Green |first=Robin M. |title=Spherical Astronomy |date=1985 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-23988-2}}</ref><ref name="Danby2">{{cite book |last=Danby |first=J. M. A. |title=Fundamentals of Celestial Mechanics |date=1962 |publisher=Willmann-Bell |isbn=978-0-943396-20-0}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+Sets of orbital elements !Object !Elements used |- |Major planet |{{math|''e'', ''a'', [[inclination|''i'']], [[ascending node|Ξ©]], [[longitude of periapsis|''Ο'']], [[mean longitude|''L''<sub>0</sub>]]}} |- |Comet |{{math|''e'', [[periapsis|''q'']], ''i'', Ξ©, [[argument of periapsis|''Ο'']], ''T''<sub>0</sub>}} |- |Asteroid |{{math|''e'', ''a'', ''i'', Ξ©, ''Ο'', [[mean anomaly|''M''<sub>0</sub>]]}} |}
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