Editing Packet Switch Stream (section)

==Legacy==

=== Communication protocols ===
Researchers on EPSS in the UK and elsewhere identified the need for defining higher-level protocols.<ref>{{harvnb|Davies|Bressan|2010|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=DN-t8MpZ0-wC&pg=PA2 2–3]}}</ref> The UK [[National Computing Centre]] publication 'Why Distributed Computing', which was based on extensive research into future potential configurations for computer systems.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Down |first1=Peter John |title=Why Distributed Computing?: An NCC Review of Potential and Experience in the UK |last2=Taylor |first2=Frank Edward |date=1976 |publisher=NCC Publications |isbn=978-0-85012-170-4}}{{page needed|date=September 2023}}</ref> This resulted in the UK presenting the case for an international standards committee to cover this area at the ISO meeting in Sydney in March 1977.<ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Radu |first1=Roxana |title=Negotiating Internet Governance |date=2019 |isbn=978-0-19-883307-9 |pages=43–C3.N23 |chapter=Revisiting the Origins: The Internet and its Early Governance |doi=10.1093/oso/9780198833079.003.0003}}</ref><ref name="ieee2017032">{{harvnb|Russell|2013}}</ref> This work led to the [[OSI reference model]] in 1984 and the subsequent [[Internet-OSI Standards War]].<ref name="Abbate00p176">{{harvnb|Abbate|2000|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=E2BdY6WQo4AC&pg=PA176 176-180]}}</ref><ref name="ieee2017032">{{harvnb|Russell|2013}}</ref>

=== Commercial ===
While PSS eventually went the way of all X.25 networks and was overwhelmed by the internet and more significantly the internet's superior application suite and cost model,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Smith |first1=Edward |last2=Miller |first2=Chris |last3=Norton |first3=Jim |date=2023 |title=Evolving and Exploiting Packet Switched Networks |url=https://www.ssrn.com/abstract=4595785 |journal=SSRN Electronic Journal |language=en |doi=10.2139/ssrn.4595785 |issn=1556-5068|url-access=subscription }}</ref> BT did not capitalise as much as other packet switch operators by subsequent mistakes concerning the internet, Tymnet, BT's North American operations and the Concert Global Services with ATT.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Purton |first=Peter |date=October 11, 1999 |title=Rapid Development of the Net Forces BT to Adjust Its Plans |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB939641595931044725 |work=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref>

BT's failure to become the major ISP in its own home market unlike every other former PTT and the success of Dixon's Freeserve, Demon and Energis based virtual ISPs in the same sector has only been recovered from recently. Only after BT changed its most senior management who were fixated on circuit switching/ISDN based on System X/Y telephone exchanges and embracing broadband/internet lock stock and barrel has this changed. An emergency rights issue also helped resolve the debt from acquiring second or third ranked old telcos style companies around the world.

Now BT appears to be inheriting a dominating position in the Global Network Services market, based on packet switching, as CSC and Reuters sell up their networks to BT. As the commodity price of IP services based in their core 21st century MPLS network to carry voice and data finally gives them the real cost efficiencies that packet switching always promised.