Editing Pakistan Movement (section)

===Sindh===
[[File:A Beautiful Night View Of Adnan Asim's Karachi City. Also Mazar-e-Quaid— The Mausoleum Is Viewable In The Picture.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Sindh is the [[Wazir Mansion|birthplace]] and [[Tomb of Jinnah|burial place]] of [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah|Jinnah]], the Founder of Pakistan.]]
In the [[Sind Province (1936–55)|Sind]] province of British India, the [[Sind United Party]] promoted communal harmony between Hindus and Muslims, winning 22 out of 33 seats in the [[1937 Indian provincial elections]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Jaffrelot |first1=Christophe |author-link=Christophe Jaffrelot |year=2015 |title=The Pakistan Paradox: Instability and Resilience |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i5GMCwAAQBAJ&pg=PG85 |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=85 |isbn=978-0-19-061330-3 |access-date=16 September 2020 |archive-date=4 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204130526/https://books.google.com/books?id=i5GMCwAAQBAJ&pg=PG85 |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[File:Sindhi Foot Soldiers.jpg|thumb|Sindhi foot soldiers, 1816]]
Both the Muslim landed elite, ''waderas'', and the Hindu commercial elements, ''banias'', collaborated in exploiting the predominantly Muslim peasantry of the British Indian province of Sind. In Sind's first provincial election after its separation from Bombay in 1936, economic interests were an essential factor of politics, informed by religious and cultural issues.<ref name="Jalal2002">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sa6CAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA415|title=Self and Sovereignty: Individual and Community in South Asian Islam Since 1850|author=Ayesha Jalal|date=4 January 2002|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-59937-0|pages=415–|access-date=8 January 2018|archive-date=17 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200117035616/https://books.google.com/books?id=Sa6CAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA415|url-status=live}}</ref> Due to British policies, much land in Sind was transferred from Muslim to Hindu hands over the decades.<ref name="SinghIyer2016">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tmA0DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA127|title=Revisiting India's Partition: New Essays on Memory, Culture, and Politics|author1=Amritjit Singh|author2=Nalini Iyer|author3=Rahul K. Gairola|date=15 June 2016|publisher=Lexington Books|isbn=978-1-4985-3105-4|pages=127–|access-date=8 January 2018|archive-date=25 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200125080700/https://books.google.com/books?id=tmA0DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA127|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Korejo1993">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JGduAAAAMAAJ|title=The Frontier Gandhi: His Place in History|author=Muhammad Soaleh Korejo|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1993|isbn=978-0-19-577461-0|access-date=8 January 2018|archive-date=23 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211223023747/https://books.google.com/books?id=JGduAAAAMAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref> In Sind, "the dispute over the Sukkur Manzilgah had been fabricated by provincial Leaguers to unsettle Allah Bakhsh Soomro's ministry which was dependent on support from the Congress and the Hindu Independent Party."<ref name="Jalal2002" /> The Sind Muslim League exploited the issue and agitated for what they said was an abandoned mosque to be given to the Muslim League. Consequentially, a thousand members of the Muslim League were imprisoned. Eventually, due to panic the government restored the mosque to Muslims.<ref name="Jalal2002" />

The separation of Sind from the [[Bombay Presidency]] triggered Sindhi Muslim nationalists to support the Pakistan Movement. Even while the Punjab and North-West Frontier Province were ruled by parties hostile to the Muslim League, Sindh remained loyal to Jinnah.<ref name="Ahmed2016">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TbzBDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT230|title=Sleepwalking to Surrender: Dealing with Terrorism in Pakistan|author=Khaled Ahmed|date=18 August 2016|publisher=Penguin Books Limited|isbn=978-93-86057-62-4|pages=230–|access-date=8 January 2018|archive-date=20 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200120065747/https://books.google.com/books?id=TbzBDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT230|url-status=live}}</ref> Although the prominent Sindhi Muslim nationalist G.M. Syed (who admired both Hindu and Muslim rulers of Sindh) left the All India Muslim League in the mid-1940s,<ref name="Jaffrelot2015">{{cite book |last1=Jaffrelot |first1=Christophe |author-link=Christophe Jaffrelot |year=2015 |title=The Pakistan Paradox: Instability and Resilience |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i5GMCwAAQBAJ&pg=PG85 |publisher=Oxford University Press |pages=85–86 |isbn=978-0-19-061330-3 |access-date=16 September 2020 |archive-date=4 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204130526/https://books.google.com/books?id=i5GMCwAAQBAJ&pg=PG85 |url-status=live }}</ref> the overwhelming majority of Sindhi Muslims supported the creation of Pakistan, seeing in it their deliverance.<ref name="Malik1999">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oyWBDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA56|title=Islam, Nationalism and the West: Issues of Identity in Pakistan|author=I. Malik|date=3 June 1999|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK|isbn=978-0-230-37539-0|pages=56–|access-date=8 January 2018|archive-date=20 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200120033816/https://books.google.com/books?id=oyWBDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA56|url-status=live}}</ref> Sindhi support for the Pakistan Movement arose from the desire of the Sindhi Muslim business class to drive out their Hindu competitors.<ref name="Kukreja2003">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dp05sFFSAbIC&pg=PA138|title=Contemporary Pakistan: Political Processes, Conflicts and Crises|author=Veena Kukreja|date=24 February 2003|publisher=SAGE Publications|isbn=978-0-7619-9683-5|pages=138–|access-date=8 January 2018|archive-date=10 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200110173725/https://books.google.com/books?id=dp05sFFSAbIC&pg=PA138|url-status=live}}</ref>

The Muslim League's rise to becoming the party with the strongest support in Sind was in large part linked to its winning over of the religious pir families. Although the Muslim League had previously fared poorly in the 1937 elections in Sind, when local Sindhi Muslim parties won more seats,<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_kC421xzMKsC&pg=PA115|title=Sufi Saints and State Power: The Pirs of Sind, 1843-1947|author=Sarah F. D. Ansari|date=31 January 1992|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-40530-0|pages=115–|access-date=8 January 2018|archive-date=4 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204130812/https://books.google.com/books?id=_kC421xzMKsC&pg=PA115|url-status=live}}</ref> the Muslim League's cultivation of support from the pirs and saiyids of Sind in 1946 helped it gain a foothold in the province.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_kC421xzMKsC&pg=PA122|title=Sufi Saints and State Power: The Pirs of Sind, 1843-1947|author=Sarah F. D. Ansari|date=31 January 1992|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-40530-0|pages=122–|access-date=8 January 2018|archive-date=20 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220133320/https://books.google.com/books?id=_kC421xzMKsC&pg=PA122|url-status=live}}</ref>