Editing Performativity (section)

==Related concepts==
===Performance studies===
[[Performance studies]] emerged through the work of, among others, [[theatre]] director and scholar [[Richard Schechner]], who applied the notion of performance to human behaviour beyond the [[performance|performing arts]]. His interpretation of performance as non-artistic yet expressive social behaviour and his collaboration in 1985 with anthropologist [[Victor Turner]] led to the beginning of performance studies as a separate discipline. Schechner defines performance as 'restored behaviour', to emphasize the symbolic and coded aspects of culture.<ref>Schechner (2006), p. 34</ref> Schechner understands performance as a continuum. Not everything is meant to be a performance, but everything, from performing arts to politics and economics, can be studied as performance.<ref name="Schechner 2006, p. 38"/>

===Habitus===
In the 1970s, [[Pierre Bourdieu]] introduced the concept of '[[Habitus (sociology)|habitus]]' or regulated improvisation, in a reaction against the structuralist notion of culture as a system of rules (Bourdieu 1972). Culture in his perspective undergoes a shift from 'a productive to a reproductive social order in which simulations and models constitute the world so that the distinction between real and appearance becomes erased'.<ref>Porter (1990), p. 323</ref> Though Bourdieu himself does not often employ the term 'performance', the notion of the bodily habitus as a formative site has been a source of inspiration for performance theorists.
 
===Occasionalism===
The cultural historian [[Peter Burke (historian)|Peter Burke]] suggested using the term '[[occasionalism]]' to stress the implication of the idea of performance that '[...] on different occasions or in different situations the same person behaves in different ways'.<ref>Burke (2005), p. 36</ref>

===Non-representational theory===
Within the social sciences and humanities, an [[interdisciplinary]] strand that has contributed to the performative turn is [[non-representational theory]]. It is a 'theory of practices' that focuses on repetitive ways of expression, such as speech and gestures. As opposed to representational theory, it argues that human conduct is a result of linguistic interplay rather than of codes and symbols that are consciously planned. Non-representational theory interprets actions and events, such as dance or theatre, as actualisations of knowledge. It also intends to shift the focus away from the technical aspects of representation, to the practice itself.<ref>Dirksmeier, (2008), p. 19-20</ref>