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==Sources== {{refbegin}} *{{Citation |last=Armit |first=Ian |title=Beyond the Brochs: Changing Perspectives on the Atlantic Scottish Iron Age |year=1990 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press}} *{{citation |last=Armit |first=Ian |title=Towers of the North: The Brochs of Scotland |year=2002 |publisher=History Press |location=Cheltenham}} *{{citation |last=Bannerman |first=John |author-link=John Bannerman (historian) |editor-last1=Broun |editor-first1=Dauvit |editor1-link=Dauvit Broun |editor-last2=Clancy |editor-first2=Thomas Owen |title=The Scottish Takeover of Pictland and the relics of Columba |work=Spes Scotorum: Hope of Scots: Saint Columba, Iona and Scotland |year=1999 |publisher=T.& T. 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Koch |year=2006 |encyclopedia=Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia |volume=1: Aberdeen breviary - Celticism |publisher=ABC-CLIO |location=Santa Barbara, California}} *{{Citation |last=Fraser |first=J. |title=History and etymology : an inaugural lecture delivered before the University of Oxford on 3 March 1923 |year=1923 |location=Oxford |publisher=Clarendon Press}} *{{citation |last=Fraser |first=James E. |author-link=James E. Fraser (historian) |year=2009 |title=From Caledonia to Pictland: Scotland to 795 |series="The New Edinburgh History of Scotland" series |volume=1 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press}} *{{citation |last=Greene |first=D. |year=1966 |title=The Making of Insular Celtic |work=Proceedings of the Second International Congress of Celtic Studies |location=Cardiff |publisher=University of Wales Press |pages=123β136}} *{{citation |last=Greene |first=David |year=1994 |title=Gaelic: syntax, similarities with British syntax |editor-last=Thomson |editor-first=Derick S. |work=The Companion to Gaelic Scotland |publisher=Gairm |location=Glasgow |pages=107β108}} *{{Citation |last=Jackson |first=K. |author-link=Kenneth H. Jackson |contribution=The Pictish Language |pages=129β166 |editor-last=Wainwright |editor-first=F. T. |title=The Problem of the Picts |year=1955 |publisher=Nelson |location=Edinburgh}} *{{citation |last=Koch |first=John T. |author-link=John T. Koch |title=The Loss of Final Syllables and Loss of Declension in Brittonic |work=The Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies |volume=XXX |year=1983 |publisher=University of Wales Press}} *{{citation |last=Koch |first=John T. |author-link=John T. Koch |year=2006a |title=Insular Celtic |editor-last=Koch |editor-first=John T. |encyclopedia=Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia |publisher=ABC-CLIO |location=Santa Barbara, California |pages=973β974}}{{full citation needed|date=July 2024|reason=Volume number is missing.}} *{{cite book |editor-last1=Koch |editor-first1=John T. |author-link=John T. Koch |title=Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia |volume=1: Aberdeen breviary - Celticism |year=2006 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |location=Santa Barbara, California |isbn=9781851094400}} *{{Citation |last=Macalister |first=R. A. S. |author-link=R. A. Stewart Macalister |contribution=The Inscriptions and Language of the Picts |title=Essays and Studies Presented to Professor Eoin MacNeill (Feil-Sgribhinn Edin mhic Neill) |editor-last=Ryan |editor-first=J |publisher=At the Sign of the Three Candles |location=Dublin |pages=184β226 |year=1940}} *{{citation |last=MacBain |first=Alexander |year=1892 |title=Ptolemy's geography of Scotland |work=Transactions of the Gaelic Society of Inverness |volume=18 |pages=267β288 |url=https://archive.org/details/transactions18gaeluoft |access-date=14 December 2012}} *{{Citation |last=MacNeill |first=E. |title=The Language of the Picts |journal=Yorkshire Celtic Studies |volume=2 |pages=3β45 |year=1939}} *{{Citation |last=Piggot |first=S. |contribution=The Archaeological Background |pages=54β65 |editor-last=Wainwright |editor-first=F. T. |title=The Problem of the Picts |year=1955 |publisher=Nelson |location=Edinburgh}} *{{Citation |last=Pinkerton |first=John |author-link=John Pinkerton |title=An enquiry into the history of Scotland: preceding the reign of Malcolm III or the year 1056 including the authentic history of that period |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jQlFAAAAYAAJ |access-date=8 February 2010 |edition=new (1814) |year=1789 |location=Edinburgh |publisher=James Ballantyne and co.}} *{{Citation |last=Price |first=G. |year=2000 |title=Languages in Britain and Ireland |location=Oxford |publisher=Blackwell |isbn=9780631215813 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2PiAUygVGTcC |access-date=3 February 2010}} *{{Citation |last=Rhys |first=J. |year=1892 |title=The Inscriptions and Language of the Northern Picts |journal=Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland |volume=26 |url=http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/catalogue/adsdata/arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_026/26_263_351.pdf |pages=263β351 |doi=10.9750/PSAS.026.263.351}} *{{Citation |last=Rhys |first=J. |year=1898 |title=A Revised Account of the Inscriptions of the Northern Picts |journal=Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland |volume=32 |url=http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/catalogue/adsdata/arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_032/32_324_398.pdf |pages=324β398 |doi=10.9750/PSAS.032.324.398 |s2cid=195478379}} *{{Citation |last=Rodway |first=Simon |year=2020 |title=The Ogham Inscriptions of Scotland and Brittonic Pictish |journal=Journal of Celtic Linguistics |volume=21 |pages=173β234 |doi=10.16922/jcl.21.6 |s2cid=164499595 |url=http://pure.aber.ac.uk/ws/files/30061978/5._rodway.pdf}} *{{citation |last=Servius |author-link=Maurus Servius Honoratus |title=Servii Grammatici in Vergilii Aeneidos Librum Quartum Commentarius |url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0053%3Abook%3D4%3Acommline%3D146 |access-date=July 14, 2014}} *{{Citation |last=Sibbald |first=Robert |author-link=Robert Sibbald |title=The history, ancient and modern, of the Sheriffdoms of Fife and Kinross. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D3lbAAAAQAAJ |access-date=17 December 2012 |year=1710}} *{{Citation |last=Skene |first=W. 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Smyth |year=1984 |title=Warlords and Holy Men |work=New History of Scotland |publisher=Edward Arnold (Publishers) |location=Edinburgh}} *{{Citation |last=Stokes |first=W. |author-link=Whitley Stokes (Celtic scholar) |title=On the Linguistic Value of the Irish Annals |url=https://archive.org/stream/transact188800philuoft |access-date=8 February 2010 |journal=Transactions of the Philological Society |volume=21 |pages=365β433 |year=1890 |doi=10.1111/j.1467-968x.1990.tb01251.x}} *{{Citation |author=Virgil |author-link=Virgil |title=Aeneid |url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0055%3Abook%3D4%3Acard%3D129 |access-date=July 14, 2014}} *{{Citation |last=Watson |first=W. J. |author-link=William J. Watson |year=1926 |title=Celtic Place Names of Scotland |publisher=Birlinn}} *{{citation |last=Woolf |first=Alex |author-link=Alex Woolf |title=Pictish matriliny reconsidered |journal=The Innes Review |volume=49 |pages=147β167 |year=1998 |issue=2 |url=http://www.euppublishing.com/doi/abs/10.3366/inr.1998.49.2.147 |access-date=17 December 2012 |doi=10.3366/inr.1998.49.2.147|url-access=subscription }} *{{citation |last=Woolf |first=Alex |title=Constantine II |page=106 |editor-last=Lynch |editor-first=Michael |work=The Oxford Companion to Scottish History |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |year=2001}} *{{citation |last=Woolf |first=Alex |year=2007 |title=From Pictland to Alba 789β1070 |work=The New Edinburgh History of Scotland |volume=2 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press}} *{{Citation |last=Zimmer |first=H. |author-link=Heinrich Zimmer (Celticist) |contribution=Matriarchy among the Picts |title=Leabhar nan Gleann |editor=Henderson, G. |editor-link=George Henderson (scholar) |year=1898 |url=https://archive.org/details/leabharnangleann00hend |access-date=4 February 2010 |publisher=Norman Macleod |location=Edinburgh}} ===Further reading=== *{{Citation |last=Jackson |first=Kenneth |title=The Ogham inscription on the spindle whorl from Buckquoy, Orkney |year=1977 |journal=Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland |volume=108 |pages=221β222 |url=http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/catalogue/adsdata/arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_108/108_174_227.pdf |access-date=13 December 2012}} *{{Citation |last=Forsyth |first=Katherine |date=1996 |author-link=Katherine Forsyth |title=The Ogham-inscribed spindle whorl from Buckquoy: Evidence for the Irish language in pre-Viking Orkney? |journal=Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland |volume=125 |pages=677β696 |doi=10.9750/PSAS.125.677.696 |s2cid=202616596 |url=http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/catalogue/adsdata/arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_125/125_677_696.pdf |access-date=13 December 2012}} *{{Citation |first=W. F. H. |last=Nicolaisen |title=Scottish Place-Names |publisher=John Donald |location=Edinburgh |year=2001}} *{{Citation |last=Okasha |first=E. |title=The Non-Ogam Inscriptions of Pictland |journal=Cambridge Medieval Celtic Studies |volume=9 |year=1985 |pages=43β69}} {{refend}} {{Celtic languages}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Pictish Language}} [[Category:Pictish language| ]] [[Category:Extinct Celtic languages]] [[Category:Pictish culture|Language]] [[Category:Extinct languages of Scotland]] [[Category:Extinct languages of Europe]] [[Category:Languages extinct in the 11th century]] [[Category:Brittonic languages]] [[Category:Unclassified languages of Europe]] [[Category:Unclassified Indo-European languages]]
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