Editing Political polarization (section)

====Causes====
According to Carothers & O'Donohue (2019), pernicious polarization is a process most often driven by a single political cleavage dominating an otherwise pluralistic political life, overriding other cleavages.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|last=and|date=2019-04-01|title=Democracies Divided|url=https://www.brookings.edu/book/democracies-divided/|access-date=2019-11-24|website=Brookings|language=en-US}}</ref> On the other hand, Slater & Arugay (2019) have argued that it's not the depth of a single social cleavage, but the political elite's process for removing a leader which best explains whether or not polarization truly becomes pernicious.<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal|last=Arugay, Slater|first=Aires, Dan|date=2019|title=Polarizing Figures: Executive Power and Institutional Conflict in Asian Democracies|journal=American Behavioral Scientist|volume=62|pages=92–106|doi=10.1177/0002764218759577|doi-access=free}}</ref> Lebas & Munemo (2019) have argued pernicious polarization is marked by both deeper societal penetration and segregation than other forms of political polarization, making it less amenable to resolution.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|last1=LeBas|first1=Adrienne|last2=Munemo|first2=Ngonidzashe|date=2019-01-01|title=Elite Conflict, Compromise, and Enduring Authoritarianism: Polarization in Zimbabwe, 1980–2008|journal=The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science|language=en|volume=681|issue=1|pages=209–226|doi=10.1177/0002716218813897|issn=0002-7162|doi-access=free|s2cid=150337601}}</ref> It is agreed, however, that pernicious polarization reinforces and entrenches itself, dragging the country into a downward spiral of anger and division for which there are no easy remedies.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":4" />