Editing Preferred number (section)

==Further reading==
* {{cite journal |author-first1=Clarence Floyd |author-last1=Hirshfeld |author-link1=Clarence Floyd Hirshfeld |author-first2=C. H. |author-last2=Berry |title=Size Standardization by Preferred Numbers |publisher=[[The American Society of Mechanical Engineers]] |journal=Mechanical Engineering |location=New York, USA |volume=44 |number=12 |date=1922-12-04 |pages=791– |url=https://archive.org/stream/sizestandardizat00hirsiala#page/n1/mode/1up}} [https://www.forgottenbooks.com/en/download/SizeStandardizationbyPreferredNumbers_10296778.pdf<!-- https://web.archive.org/web/20171102005125/https://www.forgottenbooks.com/en/download/SizeStandardizationbyPreferredNumbers_10296778.pdf -->]
* {{cite journal |author-first=Louis Alan |author-last=Hazeltine |author-link=Louis Alan Hazeltine |title=Preferred Numbers |date=January 1927 |orig-year=December 1926 |journal=[[Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers]] |publisher=[[Institute of Radio Engineers]] (IRE) |volume=14 |issue=4 |doi=10.1109/JRPROC.1926.221089 |issn=0731-5996 |pages=785–787}}
* {{cite journal |author-first=Arthur F. |author-last=Van Dyck |title=Preferred Numbers |journal=[[Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers]] |publisher=[[Institute of Radio Engineers]] (IRE) |volume=24 |issue=2 |pages=159–179 |date=February 1936 |issn=0731-5996 |doi=10.1109/JRPROC.1936.228053 |s2cid=140107818 |quote=[…] choice of series is influenced by the fact that these units are sold with different standard tolerances, namely five, ten and twenty per cent, and there is a desire to have every unit manufactured, regardless of what its value may be, fall into some standard size and tolerance […]}}
* {{cite book |title=Reference Data for Radio Engineers |editor-first1=Harold H. |editor-last1=Buttner
|editor-first2=H. T. |editor-last2=Kohlhaas |publisher=[[Federal Telephone and Radio Corporation]] (FTR) |edition=1 |date=1943 |pages=37–38 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bGUuAQAAIAAJ&q=%22preferred+values+of+resistance%22 |access-date=2020-01-03 }} (NB. This 1943 publication already shows a list of new "preferred values of resistance" following what was adopted by the [[International Electrotechnical Commission|IEC]] for standardization since 1948 and standardized as the [[E series of preferred numbers]] in IEC&nbsp;63:1952. For comparison, it also lists "old standard resistance values" as follows: 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 600, 750, {{val|1000}}, {{val|1200}}, {{val|1500}}, {{val|2000}}, {{val|2500}}, {{val|3000}}, {{val|3500}}, {{val|4000}}, {{val|5000}}, {{val|7500}}, {{val|10000}}, {{val|12000}}, {{val|15000}}, {{val|20000}}, {{val|25000}}, {{val|30000}}, {{val|40000}}, {{val|50000}}, {{val|60000}}, {{val|75000}}, {{val|100000}}, {{val|120000}}, {{val|150000}}, {{val|200000}}, {{val|250000}}, {{val|300000}}, {{val|400000}}, {{val|500000}}, {{val|600000}}, {{val|750000}}, 1&nbsp;Meg, 1.5&nbsp;Meg, 2.0&nbsp;Meg, 3.0&nbsp;Meg, 4.0&nbsp;Meg, 5.0&nbsp;Meg, 6.0&nbsp;Meg, 7.0&nbsp;Meg, 8.0&nbsp;Meg, 9.0&nbsp;Meg, 10.00&nbsp;Meg.)
* {{cite book |title=Reference Data for Radio Engineers |editor-first1=Harold H. |editor-last1=Buttner
|editor-first2=H. T. |editor-last2=Kohlhaas |editor-first3=F. J. |editor-last3=Mann |publisher=[[Federal Telephone and Radio Corporation]] (FTR) |edition=2 |date=1946 |pages=53–54 |url=http://www.tubebooks.org/Books/FTR_ref_data.pdf |access-date=2020-01-03 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180516201551/http://www.tubebooks.org/Books/FTR_ref_data.pdf |archive-date=2018-05-16}} (NB. Shows a list of "old standard resistance values" vs. new "preferred values of resistance" following the later standardized [[E series of preferred numbers]].)
* {{cite journal |author-first=Arthur F. |author-last=Van Dyck |title=Preferred Numbers |journal=[[Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers]] |publisher=[[Institute of Radio Engineers]] (IRE) |volume=39 |issue=2 |orig-year=February 1951 |date=March 1951 |page=115 |issn=0096-8390 |doi=10.1109/JRPROC.1951.230759 |quote=[…] For example, some years ago, the [[Radio-Television Manufacturers Association]] found it desirable to standardize the values of resistors. The [[ASA Preferred Numbers Standard]] was considered, but judged not to suit the manufacturing conditions and the buying practices of the resistor field at the moment, whereas a special series of numbers suited better. The special series was adopted and, since it was an official RTMA list, it has been utilized by later RTMA committees for other applications than resistors, although adopted originally because of seeming advantages for resistors. Ironically, the original advantages have largely disappeared through changes in resistor manufacturing conditions. But the irregular standard remains… […]}}
* {{cite book |title=ISO 17:1973-04 - Guide to the use of preferred numbers and of series of preferred numbers |date=April 1973 |publisher=[[International Standards Organization]] (ISO) |url=https://www.iso.org/standard/3602.html |access-date=2017-11-02 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171102224012/https://www.iso.org/standard/3602.html |archive-date=2017-11-02}} (Replaced: {{cite book |title=ISO Recommendation R17-1956 - Preferred Numbers - Guide to the Use of Preferred Numbers and of Series of Preferred Numbers |date=1956}} (1955) and {{cite book |title=ISO R17/A1-1966 - Amendment 1 to ISO Recommendation R17-1955 |date=1966}})
* {{cite book |title=ISO 497:1973-05 - Guide to the choice of series of preferred numbers and of series containing more rounded values of preferred numbers |date=May 1973 |publisher=[[International Standards Organization]] (ISO) |url=https://www.iso.org/standard/4548.html |access-date=2017-11-02 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171102224132/https://www.iso.org/standard/4548.html |archive-date=2017-11-02}} (Replaced: {{cite book |title=ISO Recommendation R497-1966 - Preferred Numbers - Guide to the Choice of Series of Preferred Numbers and of Series Containing More Rounded Values of Preferred Numbers |date=1966}})
* {{cite book |title=ANSI Z17.1-1973 - American National Standard for Preferred Numbers |date=1973-09-05 |publisher=[[American National Standards Institute]] (ANSI)}} (9 pages) (Replaced: {{cite book |title=ASA Z17.1-1958 - American National Standard for Preferred Numbers |date=1958}} Reaffirmed as USASI Z17.1-1958 in 1966 and named ANSI Z17.1-1958 since 1969.)
* {{cite book |title=Logarithmen, Normzahlen, Dezibel, Neper, Phon - natürlich verwandt! |language=de |trans-title=Logarithms, preferred numbers, decibel, neper, phon - naturally related! |author-first=Eugen |author-last=Paulin |date=2007-09-01 |url=http://www.rechenschieber.org/Normzahlen.pdf |access-date=2016-12-18 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161218223050/http://www.rechenschieber.org/Normzahlen.pdf |archive-date=2016-12-18}}
* {{cite book |title=Normungszahlen |language=de |trans-title=Preferred numbers |author-first=Otto Helmut |author-last=Kienzle |author-link=:de:Otto Kienzle (Ingenieur) |volume=2 |series=Wissenschaftliche Normung |publisher=[[Springer-Verlag OHG]] |location=Hannover, Germany |publication-place=Berlin / Göttingen / Heidelberg, Germany |edition=reprint of 1st |date=2013-10-04 |orig-year=1950 |isbn=978-3-642-99831-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-8q1BgAAQBAJ |access-date=2017-11-01}} (340 pages)
* {{cite book |author-first=Fritz |author-last=Bergtold |title=Mathematik für Radiotechniker und Elektroniker |language=de |trans-title=Mathematics for Radio and Electronics Technicians |edition=3 |date=1965 |publisher=[[Franzis-Verlag]] |location=München, Germany}}
* {{cite book |editor-first=Horst |editor-last=Bauer |title=Kraftfahrtechnisches Taschenbuch |language=de |edition=22 |date=1995 |isbn=3-18419122-2 |publisher=[[Robert Bosch GmbH|Bosch]], {{ill|VDI-Verlag|de}} |location=Düsseldorf, Germany}}
* {{cite book |author-first=Clemens |author-last=Ries |title=Normung nach Normzahlen |language=de |trans-title=Standardization by preferred numbers |publisher={{ill|Duncker & Humblot Verlag|de}} |location=Berlin, Germany |date=1962 |edition=1 |isbn=3-42801242-9}} (135 pages)
* {{cite book |author-first=Siegfried |author-last=Berg |title=Angewandte Normzahl - Gesammelte Aufsätze |language=de |trans-title=Applied preferred number - Collected papers |publisher=Beuth-Vertrieb GmbH |location=Berlin / Köln, Germany |date=1949 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5PBgAAAAMAAJ |access-date=2017-11-01}} (191 pages)
* {{cite journal |author-first1=Karl |author-last1=Tuffentsammer |author-first2=P. |author-last2=Schumacher |title=Normzahlen – die einstellige Logarithmentafel des Ingenieurs |language=de |trans-title=Preferred numbers - the engineer's single-digit logarithm table |journal=Werkstattechnik und Maschinenbau |volume=43 |number=4 |date=1953 |page=156}}
* {{cite journal |author-last=Tuffentsammer |author-first=Karl |title=Das Dezilog, eine Brücke zwischen Logarithmen, Dezibel, Neper und Normzahlen |language=de |trans-title=The decilog, a bridge between logarithms, decibel, neper and preferred numbers |journal=VDI-Zeitschrift |volume=98 |date=1956 |pages=267–274}}
* {{cite book |author-first=Wilhelm |author-last=Strahringer |title=Zauberwelt der Normzahlen |language=de |trans-title=Magic world of preferred numbers |publisher=Verlags- und Wirtschaftsgesellschaft der Elektrizitätswerke m.b.H. (VWEW) |location=Frankfurt a. Main, Germany |date=1952}} (95 pages)

[[Category:Numbers]]
[[Category:Industrial design]]
[[Category:Logarithmic scales of measurement]]