Editing Protected area (section)

== By region ==
[[File:Venesillanlahtea Kuivajärvellä Tammelassa.jpg|thumb|Kuivajärvi, the [[Natura 2000]] area in [[Tammela, Finland|Tammela]], [[Tavastia Proper]], [[Finland]]]]
[[File:Jabal Moussa Biosphere Reserve 03.jpg|thumb|[[Jabal Moussa Biosphere Reserve]] in [[Lebanon]]]]
[[File:Safety instructions on Lone Ranch Beach.JPG|thumb|upright|Prohibited activities and safety instructions at a state park in [[Oregon]]]]
===Australia===
{{main|Protected areas of Australia}}
The [[National Heritage List]] is a heritage register, a list of national heritage places deemed to be of outstanding heritage significance to Australia, established in 2003. The list includes natural and historic places, including those of cultural significance to [[Indigenous Australians]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999, Section 324A|url=http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/epabca1999588/s324a.html|publisher=Australasian Legal Information Institute|access-date=28 June 2015}}</ref> [[Indigenous Protected Area]]s (IPAs) are formed by agreement with Indigenous Australians, and declared by Indigenous Australians, and form a specific class of protected area.<ref name="DEWHA">{{cite web|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/indigenous/fact-sheets/ipa.html|title=Fact Sheets: Indigenous Protected Areas|publisher=[[Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities|Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts]]|date=7 December 2007|access-date=22 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080723205418/http://environment.gov.au/indigenous/fact-sheets/ipa.html|archive-date=23 July 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/parks/nrs/index.html|title=Department of the Environment and Energy|website=Department of the Environment and Energy|access-date=16 August 2018}}</ref><ref name=davidson2018>{{cite web | last=Davidson | first=Helen | title=Indigenous rangers to receive $250m in funding for jobs until 2021 | website=the Guardian | date=27 April 2018 |url=http://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2018/apr/27/indigenous-rangers-to-receive-250m-in-funding-for-jobs-until-2021 | access-date=1 February 2020}}</ref>

=== China ===
China, a [[megadiverse country]], has begun implementing various protected areas in recent years. As of the year 2017, China has nearly [[List of protected areas of China|10,000 to 12,000 protected areas]], 80% of which are nature reserves aiming to foster [[biodiversity]] conservation.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Hayes |first1=Shelley |last2=Egli |first2=Daniel |date=26 May 2022 |title=Directory of Protected Areas in East Asia |url=https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/PAPS-011.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220811105921/https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/PAPS-011.pdf |archive-date=2022-08-11 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="SP" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Is China stepping up its nature conservation? |url=https://chinadialogue.net/en/nature/is-china-stepping-up-in-nature-conservation/ |access-date=26 May 2022 |website=China Dialogue |date=28 October 2021 |language=en}}</ref> These newly implemented reserves safeguard a range of ecosystems, from tropical forests to marine habitats.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Bohorquez |first1=John J. |last2=Xue |first2=Guifang |last3=Frankstone |first3=Timothy |last4=Grima |first4=Maria M. |last5=Kleinhaus |first5=Karine |last6=Zhao |first6=Yiyi |last7=Pikitch |first7=Ellen K. |date=12 November 2021 |title=China's little-known efforts to protect its marine ecosystems safeguard some habitats but omit others |journal=Science Advances |language=en |volume=7 |issue=46 |pages=eabj1569 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.abj1569 |issn=2375-2548 |pmc=8589307 |pmid=34767454|bibcode=2021SciA....7.1569B }}</ref> These protected areas encompass nearly 20% of China's land area.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Xu |first1=Weihua |last2=Pimm |first2=Stuart L. |last3=Du |first3=Ao |last4=Su |first4=Yang |last5=Fan |first5=Xinyue |last6=An |first6=Li |last7=Liu |first7=Jianguo |last8=Ouyang |first8=Zhiyun |date=1 September 2019 |title=Transforming Protected Area Management in China |journal=Trends in Ecology & Evolution |language=en |volume=34 |issue=9 |pages=762–766 |doi=10.1016/j.tree.2019.05.009 |pmid=31301875 |s2cid=196613762 |issn=0169-5347|doi-access=free |bibcode=2019TEcoE..34..762X}}</ref>

=== European Union ===
[[Natura 2000]] is a network of protected areas established by the EU across all member states. It is made up of [[Special Areas of Conservation]] (SACs) and [[Special Protection Areas]] (SPAs) designated respectively under the [[Habitats Directive]] and [[Birds Directive]]. {{convert|787767|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} are designated as terrestrial sites and {{convert|251564|km2|abbr=on}} as marine sites. Overall, 18 percent of the EU land mass is designated.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/natura2000/barometer/index_en.htm|title=Natura 2000 Barometer - Environment - European Commission|website=ec.europa.eu|date=22 May 2018 }}</ref>

=== India ===
[[Protected areas of India]] include [[National parks]], [[Wildlife sanctuaries of India|Wildlife sanctuaries]], [[Biosphere reserves of India|biosphere reserves]], [[Reserved forests and protected forests of India|reserved and protected forests]], [[Conservation reserves and community reserves of India|conservation and community reserves]], [[Communal forests of India|communal forests]], [[Private protected areas of India|private protected areas]] and [[Conservation areas of India|conservation areas]].

===Indonesia===
{{main|Protected areas of Indonesia}}
Conservation of nature in Indonesia legally refers to two main laws or Undang - Undang (UU), namely UU no. 5 of 1990 concerning Conservation of Biological Natural Resources and Ecosystems; and UU no. 41 of 1999 concerning Forestry (jo. UU no. 5 of 1967 concerning Basic Provisions on Forestry).<ref>{{Cite book |title=Atlas Nasional Indonesia |date=2008 |publisher=Penerbit Bakosurtanal (Badan Koordinasi Survey dan Pemetaan Nasional) |year=2008 |isbn=978-979-26-6938-1 |location=Cibinong, Bogor |pages=158 |language=Indonesian}}</ref> There are over 500 protected areas in Indonesia, of which 57 National Parks and another nature and game reserves cover overall 36.1 million ha land area. The total protected land area represents over 18.9% of Indonesia's landmass.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Protected Areas In Indonesia – National Parks Association of Queensland |url=https://npaq.org.au/protected-areas-in-indonesia/#:~:text=Satwa%20Elephant%20Ecolodge%20%E2%80%93%20Provided,and%20Teluk%20Cenderawasih%20National%20Park./= |access-date=2025-05-02 |website=npaq.org.au}}</ref>

===Lebanon===
Lebanon, home to one of the highest densities of floral diversity in the [[Mediterranean basin]], hosts tree species with critical biogeographical locations (southernmost limit) on the western slopes of Mount Lebanon’s mountain range and has passed laws to protect environmental sites at the national level, including nature reserves, forests, and Hima (local community-based conservation), with some of these sites having acquired one or more international designations:<ref>{{source-attribution}} {{cite web |title=Lebanon Biodiversity Facts |url=https://www.cbd.int/countries/profile/?country=lb |publisher=Convention on Biological Diversity |access-date=13 January 2024}}</ref>
* Four Ramsar sites
* Five UNESCO World Heritage Sites
* 15 Important Bird Areas (IBAs) (under Birdlife International)
* One Specially Protected Area (SPA) 
* Two Specially Protected Areas of Mediterranean Importance (SPAMI) (under the Protocol of Specially Protected Areas and Biodiversity of the Barcelona Convention)

There are three biosphere reserves in Lebanon that have been designated by the [[UNESCO]]:<ref>{{cite web |title=Biosphere reserves in Arab State |url=https://en.unesco.org/biosphere/arab-states |publisher=UNESCO |access-date=13 January 2024}}</ref>
# [[Al Shouf Cedar Nature Reserve]], designated in 2005
# [[Jabal Al Rihane Biosphere Reserve]], designated in 2007
# [[Jabal Moussa Biosphere Reserve]], designated in 2009

=== Nicaragua ===
[[O Parks, Wildlife, and Recreation]] is a [[private protected area]], also known as a 'Private Reserve' predominantly managed for biodiversity conservation, protected without formal government recognition and is owned and stewarded by the O corporation International.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://opwr.org/cgi-sys/suspendedpage.cgi|title=Account Suspended|website=opwr.org}}</ref> O parks plays a particularly important role in conserving critical biodiversity in a section of the [[Mesoamerican Biological Corridor]] known as the [[Paso del Istmo]], located along the 12-mile-wide isthmus between [[Lake Nicaragua]] and the Pacific Ocean.

=== Philippines ===
{{main|List of protected areas of the Philippines}}
In the Philippines, protected areas are administered by the Biodiversity Management Bureau of the [[Department of Environment and Natural Resources]] (DENR) under the National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS) Act of 1992.

As of 2020, there are 244 protected areas in the Philippines, covering a total area of about {{convert|7760000|ha}} – 15.4% of the Philippines' total area.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Department of Environment and Natural Resources - Biodiversity Management Bureau |url=https://bmb.gov.ph/index.php/resources/downloadables/publications/reports?download=435:bmb-annual-report-2020 |title=2020 Biodiversity Management Bureau Accomplishment Report |year=2020 |location=Quezon City, Metro Manila |issn=2799-0710}}</ref>

=== Russia ===
On 21 May 2019, The ''[[Moscow Times]]'' cited a [[World Wildlife Fund]] report indicating that Russia now ranks first in the world for its amount of protected natural areas<ref>{{cite news |title=Russia Has Most Protected Natural Areas in the World, WWF Says |url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2019/05/20/russia-has-most-protected-natural-areas-in-the-world-wwf-says-a65659 |newspaper=The Moscow Times |access-date=21 May 2019}}</ref> with 63.3&nbsp;million hectares of specially protected natural areas. However, the article did not contain a link to WWF's report and it may be based on previously gathered data.

=== United States ===
{{As of|2008|01|31}}, according to the [[United Nations Environment Programme]], the United States had a total of 6770 terrestrial nationally designated (federal) protected areas. These protected areas cover {{convert|2607131|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}, or 27.08 percent of the land area of the United States.<ref name="wdpa">{{cite web|title=Summary of protection by Country and Territory on the 31st January 2008|url=http://www.unep-wcmc.org/wdpa/mdgs/WDPAPAstats_Jan08_download.xls|archive-url=https://www.webarchive.org.uk/wayback/archive/20090713162229/http://www.unep-wcmc.org/wdpa/mdgs/WDPAPAstats_Jan08_download.xls|url-status= dead|archive-date= 13 July 2009|format=XLS|work=UNEP|publisher=World Database on Protected Areas|date=31 January 2008|access-date=13 April 2009}}</ref> This is also one-tenth of the protected land area of the world. 

According to a report from the [[Center for American Progress]], the administration of Joe Biden reached a record in conservation. In 3 years of ruling it conserved or in the process of conserving more than 24 millions acres of public land and in 2023 alone more than 12.5 million acres of public land became protected area. It is doing it together with the indigenous people as 200 agreements of co-stewardship with them were signed in 2023 alone. The goal of Biden is to protect 30% of the terrestrial and marine territory of the United States by the year 2030.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hananel |first1=Sam |title=The Biden Administration Has Reached Conservation Records in 2023 |url=https://www.americanprogress.org/article/the-biden-administration-has-reached-conservation-records-in-2023/ |website=Center for American progress |date=20 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023}}</ref>

=== United Kingdom ===
{{excerpt|Conservation area (United Kingdom)}}