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Radical Republicans
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===Notable Radical Republicans=== * [[Amos Tappan Akerman]]: attorney general under the Grant administration who vigorously prosecuted the [[Ku Klux Klan]] in the South under the [[Enforcement Acts]] * [[Adelbert Ames]]: Governor of Mississippi in 1868β1870 and 1874β1876 * [[James Mitchell Ashley]]: representative from Ohio{{sfnp|Trefousse|1969|p=13}} * [[John Armor Bingham]]: representative from Ohio and principal framer of the [[Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution]] * [[Austin Blair]]: Governor of Michigan in 1861β1865 * [[George Sewall Boutwell]]: representative from Massachusetts and Treasury Secretary under President Grant from 1869 to 1873{{sfnp|Trefousse|1969|p=15}} * [[William Gannaway Brownlow]]: publisher of the ''[[Knoxville Whig]]'', Tennessee governor and senator<ref>[https://digitalcommons.memphis.edu/speccoll-pub-us/14/ William G. Brownlow pamphlet, 1869]. ''The University of Memphis''. Retrieved September 18, 2021.</ref> * [[Rufus Bullock]]: Governor of Georgia 1868β1871<ref name="Lyons2014">{{cite book |last=Lyons |first=Philip B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YR0vBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA289 |title=Statesmanship and Reconstruction: Moderate versus Radical Republicans on Restoring the Union after the Civil War |publisher=Lexington Books |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-7391-8508-7 |pages=289β}}</ref> * [[Benjamin Butler (politician)|Benjamin Butler]]: Massachusetts politician-soldier who was hated by rebels for restoring control in New Orleans{{sfnp|Trefousse|1969|p=15}} * [[Zachariah Chandler]]: senator from Michigan and [[United States Secretary of the Interior|Secretary of the Interior]] under President Grant{{sfnp|Trefousse|2014|p=xvii}} * [[Salmon P. Chase]]: Treasury Secretary under President Lincoln and Supreme Court chief justice who sought the 1868 Democratic nomination as a moderate{{sfnp|Trefousse|1969|p=7}}{{sfnp|Trefousse|2014|p=xv}} * [[Schuyler Colfax]]: Speaker of the House (1863β1869) and the 17th Vice President of the United States (1869β1873). Was called the Christian statesman<ref name=Howard2015/>{{rp|239ff.}}{{sfnp|Trefousse|1969|pp=14β15}} * [[John Conness]]: senator from California * [[John A.J. Creswell|John Creswell]]: elected Baltimore Representative to the House in 1863 during the [[American Civil War|Civil War]], Creswell worked closely under Radical Republican Baltimore Representative [[Henry Winter Davis]] and was appointed Postmaster-General by President Grant in 1869, having vast patronage powers appointed many African Americans to federal postal positions in every state of the United States * [[Edmund J. Davis]]: Governor of Texas in 1870β1874 * [[Henry Winter Davis]]: representative from Maryland{{sfnp|Trefousse|1969|p=15}} * [[Charles Daniel Drake]]: senator from Missouri * [[Reuben Fenton]]: Governor of New York in 1865β1868 * [[Thomas Clement Fletcher]]: Governor of Missouri in 1865β1869 * [[John C. FrΓ©mont]]: the [[U.S. presidential election, 1856|1856]] Republican presidential candidate<ref name="Gustafson2001">{{cite book |last=Gustafson |first=Melanie |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ms0JkYC-7TEC&pg=PA31 |title=Women and the Republican Party, 1854β1924 |publisher=University of Illinois Press |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-252-02688-1 |pages=31β}}</ref> * [[James A. Garfield]]: House of Representatives leader, less radical than others and president in 1881 *[[Horace Greeley]]: the founder and editor of the ''New-York Tribune'', which became the most radical newspaper of the day. Greeley initially strongly supported [[Radical Reconstruction]], but over time became disenchanted with the corruption associated with it, and broke with the Radical Republicans to run for president on the Liberal Republican ticket against Grant. * [[Joshua Reed Giddings]]: representative from Ohio and an early leading founder of the Ohio Republican Party{{sfnp|Trefousse|1969|p=11}} * [[Ulysses S. Grant]]: president who signed Enforcement Acts and Civil Rights Act of 1875 while as General of the Army of the United States he supported Radical Reconstruction and civil rights for African Americans<ref>Grant was perceived by Radicals as either a Radical himself or sympathetic to their aims. {{cite book |last=Smith |first=Jean Edward |url=https://archive.org/details/grant00smit/page/444 |title=Grant |date=2001 |isbn=978-0-684-84926-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/grant00smit/page/444 444] |url-access=registration}}</ref> * [[Galusha A. Grow]]: representative from Pennsylvania and Speaker of the House 1861 to 1863{{sfnp|Trefousse|1969|p=14}} * [[John Parker Hale]]: senator from New Hampshire and one of the first to make a stand against slavery. He was a former Democrat who broke away because of slavery{{sfnp|Trefousse|2014|p=xvi}} * [[Hannibal Hamlin]]: Maine politician and vice president during Lincoln's first term{{sfnp|Trefousse|2014|p=xviii}} * [[Friedrich Hecker]]: leader of the German-American [[Forty-Eighters]] * [[James M. Hinds]]: Congressman from Arkansas, murdered by the [[Ku Klux Klan]] in 1868 * [[William Woods Holden]]: Governor of North Carolina in 1868β1871 * [[Jacob M. Howard]]: senator from Michigan{{sfnp|Trefousse|1969|p=11}} * [[Timothy Otis Howe]]: senator from Wisconsin *[[Andrew Johnson]]: who as Lincoln's Military Governor of Tennessee put many radical policies into effect, but who as president after Lincoln's assassination became the primary opponent of Radical Republicans in Congress, due to the leniency of his [[Presidential Reconstruction]] of the South. * [[George Washington Julian]]: representative from Indiana and principal framer of the [[Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution]]{{sfnp|Trefousse|1969|p=12}} * [[William Darrah Kelley]]: representative from Pennsylvania{{sfnp|Trefousse|1969|p=15}} * [[Samuel J. Kirkwood]]: senator from Iowa * [[James H. Lane (Senator)|James H. Lane]]: senator from Kansas and leader of the [[Jayhawker]]s abolitionist movement{{sfnp|Trefousse|1969|p=11}} * [[John Alexander Logan]]: senator from Illinois * [[Owen Lovejoy]]: representative from Illinois{{sfnp|Trefousse|1969|pp=13β14}} * [[David Medlock Jr.|David Medlock, Jr]]: Texas House of Representatives for the 12th Texas Legislature β 1870 to 1873 and was on the Federal Relations Committee. * [[Oliver P. Morton]]: Governor of Indiana (1861β1867) and senator * [[Franklin J. Moses, Jr.]]: Governor of South Carolina in 1872β1874 * [[Samuel Pomeroy]]: senator from Kansas{{sfnp|Trefousse|1969|p=11}} * [[Harrison Reed (politician)|Harrison Reed]]: Governor of Florida in 1868β1873 * [[Samuel Shellabarger (Ohio politician)|Samuel Shellabarger]]: representative from Ohio and principal drafter of the Civil Rights Act of 1871{{sfnp|Trefousse|1969|p=15}} * [[Rufus Paine Spalding]]: representative from Ohio who took a leading role in the Congressional debates over Reconstruction * [[Edwin McMasters Stanton]]: Secretary of War under the Lincoln and Johnson administrations * [[Thaddeus Stevens]]: Radical leader in the House from Pennsylvania{{sfnp|Trefousse|1969|pp=12β13}} * [[Charles Sumner]]: senator from Massachusetts, dominant Radical leader in the Senate and specialist in foreign affairs who broke with Grant in 1872<ref name="Trefousse2014">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hWYWBQAAQBAJ&pg=PR13|title=The Radical Republicans|last=Hans L. Trefousse|year=2014|publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-8041-5392-8|pages=13β}}</ref> * [[Albion W. TourgΓ©e]]: novelist<ref name="TourgΓ©e2009">{{cite book |last=TourgΓ©e |first=Albion W. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qprk7jXbX_0C&pg=PA453 |title=Bricks Without Straw: A Novel |publisher=Duke University Press |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-8223-9234-7 |pages=453β}}</ref> * [[Lyman Trumbull]]: senator from Illinois with strongly anti-slavery sentiments, but otherwise moderate{{sfnp|Trefousse|1969|pp=10β11}} * [[Daniel Phillips Upham]]: Arkansas politician-soldier who was ruthless in a campaign that would temporarily rid the South of the Ku Klux Klan * [[Benjamin Franklin Wade]]: senator from Ohio, next in line to become president if Johnson were removed{{sfnp|Trefousse|1969|pp=7β8}} * [[Henry Clay Warmoth]]: Governor of Louisiana in 1868β1872 * [[Elihu Benjamin Washburne]]: representative from Illinois * [[George Henry Williams]]: senator from Oregon (1865β1871) and attorney general under President Grant * [[Henry Wilson]]: Massachusetts Senator, chairman of the Senate Military Affairs Committee during the Civil War, and vice president under Grant{{sfnp|Trefousse|2014|p=xvii}} * [[James F. Wilson]]: representative from Iowa, chairman of the House Judiciary Committee during the impeachment of President Johnson and senator from Iowa * [[Richard Yates (politician, born 1815)|Richard Yates]]: Governor of Illinois in 1861β1865 and Senator<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3I0jl_pHHnMC|title=The Life and Public Services of Richard Yates, the War Governor of Illinois: A Lecture Delivered in the Hall of the House of Representatives, Springfield, Illinois, Tuesday Evening, March 1st, 1881|first=L. U.|last=Reavis|year=1881 |publisher=J.H. Chambers & Company|via=Google Books |page=30}}</ref>
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