Editing SS (section)

== Representation ==
===Graphical variants===
The recommendation of the [[Sulzbacher form]] (1903) was not followed universally in 20th-century printing. There were four distinct variants of {{angbr|ß}} in use in Antiqua fonts:
[[File:Sz modern.svg|class=skin-invert-image|thumb|Four forms of Antiqua Eszett: 1. ſs, 2. ſs ligature, 3. ſʒ ligature, 4. Sulzbacher form]]
#{{angbr|ſs}} without ligature, but as a single type, with reduced spacing between the two letters;
#the ligature of {{angbr|ſ}} and {{angbr|s}} inherited from the 16th-century Antiqua typefaces;
#a ligature of {{angbr|ſ}} and {{angbr|ʒ}}, adapting the blackletter ligature to Antiqua; and
#the Sulzbacher form.

The first variant (no ligature) has become practically obsolete. Most modern typefaces follow either 2 or 4, with 3 retained in occasional usage, notably in street signs in Bonn and Berlin. The design of modern {{angbr|ß}} tends to follow either the Sulzbacher form, in which {{angbr|ʒ}} (tailed z) is clearly visible, or else be made up of a clear ligature of {{angbr|ſ}} and {{angbr|s}}.<ref name="jamra"/>{{rp|2}}

[[File:ß handwritten sample.gif|thumb|Three contemporary handwritten forms of 'ß' demonstrated in the word {{lang|de|aß}}, {{nowrap|"(I/he/she/it)}} ate"]]
Use of typographic variants in street signs:
<gallery>
File:WaldstraßePirna.JPG|Un[[typographic ligature|ligature]]d ſs variant in a street sign in [[Pirna]], Saxony
File:Berliner Straße.JPG| [[Antiqua (typeface class)|Antiqua]] form of the ſʒ ligature ([[Berlin]] street signs)
File:Schloßſtraße, Schloßhof - street signs in 2008.jpg| [[Blackletter]] form of the ſʒ ligature ([[Erfurt]] street signs)
File:Nürnberg Straße.jpg|[[#Sulzbacher form|Sulzbacher form]] ([[Nuremberg]] street signs)
File:MainzStrSchilder.jpg|Two distinct blackletter typefaces in [[Mainz]]. The red sign spells {{lang|de|Straße}} with ''ſs''; the blue sign uses the standard blackletter ''ſʒ'' ligature.
</gallery>

[[File:Versal-Eszett-in-Webanwendung.png|thumb|alt=Screenshot of a web application with a button "SCHLIEẞEN" ("Close") using capital letters and capital ẞ. Above the button, a message says "Für Videoanrufe in Hangouts wird jetzt Google Meet verwendet. Weitere Informationen"|Capital ß in a web application]]
The inclusion of a capital {{angbr|ẞ}} in [[Unicode]] in 2008 revived the century-old debate among [[type design|typeface designers]] as to how such a character should be represented. The main difference in the shapes of {{angbr|ẞ}} in contemporary typefaces is the depiction with a diagonal straight line vs. a curved line in its upper right part, reminiscent of the ligature of [[Ezh|tailed z]] or of [[s|round s]], respectively. The code chart published by the Unicode Consortium favours the former possibility,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1E00.pdf|title=Latin Extended Additional}}</ref> which has been adopted by Unicode capable fonts including [[Arial]], [[Calibri]], [[Cambria (typeface)|Cambria]], [[Courier New]], [[DejaVu fonts|Dejavu Serif]], [[Liberation Sans]], [[Liberation Mono]], [[Linux Libertine]] and [[Times New Roman]]; the second possibility is more rare, adopted by [[DejaVu fonts|Dejavu Sans]]. Some fonts adopt a third possibility in representing {{angbr|ẞ}} following the Sulzbacher form of {{angbr|ß}}, reminiscent of the Greek {{angbr|[[β]]}} (beta); such a shape has been adopted by [[FreeSans]] and [[FreeSerif]], [[Liberation Serif]] and [[Verdana]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fileformat.info/info/unicode/char/1e9e/fontsupport.htm|title=Latin Capital Letter Sharp S (U+1E9E) Font Support|website=fileformat.info}}</ref>

=== Unicode ===

There are two code points in [[Unicode]]:
* {{unichar|00DF}}
* {{unichar|1E9E}}

In modern browsers, lowercase "ß" will be converted to "SS" when the element containing it is set to uppercase using <code>text-transform: uppercase</code> in [[Cascading Style Sheets]]. The [[JavaScript]] in [[Google Chrome]] and [[Mozilla Firefox]] will convert "ß" to "SS" when converted to uppercase (e.g., <code>"ß".toUpperCase()</code>).<ref>{{cite web
|url=https://cd1rtx3.github.io/eszett/
|title=cd1rtx3.github.io/eszett/
|year=2024
|publisher=Coarse Rosinflower
|access-date=26 March 2024}}</ref>

The lower-case letter exists in many earlier encodings that covered European languages. In several [[ISO 8859]]{{efn|Parts 
[[ISO-8859-1|1]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/ISO8859/8859-1.TXT |title=ISO/IEC 8859-1:1998 to Unicode |last=Whistler |first=Ken |orig-year=1999-07-27 |date=2015-12-02 |publisher=[[Unicode Consortium]]}}</ref> 
[[ISO-8859-2|2]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/ISO8859/8859-2.TXT |title=ISO/IEC 8859-2:1999 to Unicode |last=Whistler |first=Ken |orig-year=1999-07-27 |date=2015-12-02 |publisher=[[Unicode Consortium]]}}</ref> 
[[ISO-8859-3|3]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/ISO8859/8859-3.TXT |title=ISO/IEC 8859-3:1999 to Unicode |last=Whistler |first=Ken |orig-year=1999-07-27 |date=2015-12-02 |publisher=[[Unicode Consortium]]}}</ref> 
[[ISO-8859-4|4]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/ISO8859/8859-4.TXT |title=ISO/IEC 8859-4:1998 to Unicode |last=Whistler |first=Ken |orig-year=1999-07-27 |date=2015-12-02 |publisher=[[Unicode Consortium]]}}</ref> 
[[ISO-8859-9|9]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/ISO8859/8859-9.TXT |title=ISO/IEC 8859-9:1999 to Unicode |last=Whistler |first=Ken |orig-year=1999-07-27 |date=2015-12-02 |publisher=[[Unicode Consortium]]}}</ref> 
[[ISO-8859-10|10]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/ISO8859/8859-10.TXT |title=ISO/IEC 8859-10:1998 to Unicode |last=Whistler |first=Ken |orig-year=1999-10-11 |date=2015-12-02 |publisher=[[Unicode Consortium]]}}</ref> 
[[ISO-8859-13|13]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/ISO8859/8859-13.TXT |title=ISO/IEC 8859-13:1998 to Unicode |last=Whistler |first=Ken |orig-year=1999-07-27 |date=2015-12-02 |publisher=[[Unicode Consortium]]}}</ref> 
[[ISO-8859-14|14]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/ISO8859/8859-14.TXT |title=ISO/IEC 8859-14:1999 to Unicode |last1=Kuhn |first1=Markus |last2=Whistler |first2=Ken |orig-year=1999-07-27 |date=2015-12-02 |publisher=[[Unicode Consortium]]}}</ref> 
[[ISO-8859-15|15]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/ISO8859/8859-15.TXT |title=ISO/IEC 8859-15:1999 to Unicode |last1=Kuhn |first1=Markus |last2=Whistler |first2=Ken |orig-year=1999-07-27 |date=2015-12-02 |publisher=[[Unicode Consortium]]}}</ref> and 
[[ISO-8859-16|16]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/ISO8859/8859-16.TXT |title=ISO/IEC 8859-16:2001 to Unicode |last1=Kuhn |first1=Markus |orig-year=2001-07-26 |date=2015-12-02 |publisher=[[Unicode Consortium]]}}</ref>}} and [[Windows-125x|Windows]]{{efn|Code pages 
[[Windows-1250|1250]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/VENDORS/MICSFT/WINDOWS/CP1250.TXT |last=Steele |first=Shawn |title=cp1250 to Unicode table |date=1998-04-15 |publisher=[[Microsoft]] / [[Unicode Consortium]]}}</ref> 
[[Windows-1252|1252]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/VENDORS/MICSFT/WINDOWS/CP1252.TXT |last=Steele |first=Shawn |title=cp1252 to Unicode table |date=1998-04-15 |publisher=[[Microsoft]] / [[Unicode Consortium]]}}</ref> 
[[Windows-1254|1254]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/VENDORS/MICSFT/WINDOWS/CP1254.TXT |last=Steele |first=Shawn |title=cp1254 to Unicode table |date=1998-04-15 |publisher=[[Microsoft]] / [[Unicode Consortium]]}}</ref> 
[[Windows-1257|1257]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/VENDORS/MICSFT/WINDOWS/CP1257.TXT |last=Steele |first=Shawn |title=cp1257 to Unicode table |date=1998-04-15 |publisher=[[Microsoft]] / [[Unicode Consortium]]}}</ref> and 
[[Windows-1258|1258]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/VENDORS/MICSFT/WINDOWS/CP1258.TXT |last=Steele |first=Shawn |title=cp1258 to Unicode table |date=1998-04-15 |publisher=[[Microsoft]] / [[Unicode Consortium]]}}</ref>}} encodings it is at {{tt|0xDF}}, the value inherited by Unicode. In [[code page 437|DOS code pages]]{{efn|Code pages [[Code page 437|437]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/VENDORS/MICSFT/PC/CP437.TXT |last=Steele |first=Shawn |title=cp437_DOSLatinUS to Unicode table |date=1996-04-24 |publisher=[[Microsoft]] / [[Unicode Consortium]]}}</ref> and [[Code page 850|850]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/VENDORS/MICSFT/PC/CP850.TXT |last=Steele |first=Shawn |title=cp850_DOSLatin1 to Unicode table |date=1996-04-24 |publisher=[[Microsoft]] / [[Unicode Consortium]]}}</ref>}} it is at {{tt|0xE1}}. [[Mac OS Roman|Mac OS encodings]]{{efn|Mac OS 
[[Mac OS Roman|Roman]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Map (external version) from Mac OS Roman character set to Unicode 2.1 and later |author=Apple Computer, Inc. |author-link=Apple Computer, Inc. |publisher=[[Unicode Consortium]] |date=2005-04-05 |orig-year=1995-04-15 |url=https://www.unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/VENDORS/APPLE/ROMAN.TXT}}</ref> 
[[Mac OS Icelandic encoding|Icelandic]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Map (external version) from Mac OS Icelandic character set to Unicode 2.1 and later |author=Apple Computer, Inc. |author-link=Apple Computer, Inc. |publisher=[[Unicode Consortium]] |date=2005-04-05 |orig-year=1995-04-15 |url=https://www.unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/VENDORS/APPLE/ICELAND.TXT}}</ref>
[[Mac OS Croatian encoding|Croatian]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Map (external version) from Mac OS Croatian character set to Unicode 2.1 and later |author=Apple Computer, Inc. |author-link=Apple Computer, Inc. |publisher=[[Unicode Consortium]] |date=2005-04-04 |orig-year=1995-04-15 |url=https://www.unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/VENDORS/APPLE/CROATIAN.TXT}}</ref>
[[Mac OS Central European encoding|Central European]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Map (external version) from Mac OS Central European character set to Unicode 2.1 and later |author=Apple Computer, Inc. |author-link=Apple Computer, Inc. |publisher=[[Unicode Consortium]] |date=2005-04-04 |orig-year=1995-04-15 |url=https://www.unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/VENDORS/APPLE/CENTEURO.TXT}}</ref>
[[Mac OS Celtic|Celtic]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Map (external version) from Mac OS Celtic character set to Unicode 2.1 and later |author=Apple Computer, Inc. |author-link=Apple Computer, Inc. |publisher=[[Unicode Consortium]] |date=2005-04-01 |url=https://www.unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/VENDORS/APPLE/CELTIC.TXT}}</ref>
[[Mac OS Gaelic|Gaelic]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Map (external version) from Mac OS Gaelic character set to Unicode 3.0 and later |author=Apple Computer, Inc. |author-link=Apple Computer, Inc. |publisher=[[Unicode Consortium]] |date=2005-04-01 |url=https://www.unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/VENDORS/APPLE/GAELIC.TXT}}</ref>
[[Mac OS Romanian encoding|Romanian]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Map (external version) from Mac OS Romanian character set to Unicode 3.0 and later |author=Apple Computer, Inc. |author-link=Apple Computer, Inc. |publisher=[[Unicode Consortium]] |date=2005-04-05 |orig-year=1995-04-15 |url=https://www.unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/VENDORS/APPLE/ROMANIAN.TXT}}</ref> 
[[MacGreek encoding|Greek]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Map (external version) from Mac OS Greek character set to Unicode 2.1 and later |author=Apple Computer, Inc. |author-link=Apple Computer, Inc. |publisher=[[Unicode Consortium]] |date=2005-04-05 |orig-year=1995-04-15 |url=https://www.unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/VENDORS/APPLE/GREEK.TXT}}</ref> and 
[[Mac OS Turkish encoding|Turkish]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Map (external version) from Mac OS Turkish character set to Unicode 2.1 and later |author=Apple Computer, Inc. |author-link=Apple Computer, Inc. |publisher=[[Unicode Consortium]] |date=2005-04-05 |orig-year=1995-04-15 |url=https://www.unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/VENDORS/APPLE/TURKISH.TXT}}</ref>
}} put it at {{tt|0xA7}}. Some [[EBCDIC]] codes{{efn|037 <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/VENDORS/MICSFT/EBCDIC/CP037.TXT |last=Steele |first=Shawn |title=cp037_IBMUSCanada to Unicode table |date=1996-04-24 |publisher=[[Microsoft]] / [[Unicode Consortium]]}}</ref> 500,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/VENDORS/MICSFT/EBCDIC/CP500.TXT |last=Steele |first=Shawn |title=cp500_IBMInternational to Unicode table |date=1996-04-24 |publisher=[[Microsoft]] / [[Unicode Consortium]]}}</ref> 1026<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/VENDORS/MICSFT/EBCDIC/CP1026.TXT |last=Steele |first=Shawn |title=cp1026_IBMLatin5Turkish to Unicode table |date=1996-04-24 |publisher=[[Microsoft]] / [[Unicode Consortium]]}}</ref>}} put it at {{tt|0x59}}. The upper-case form was rarely, if ever, encoded in single-byte encodings.