Editing Selective mutism (section)

==History==
In 1877, German physician [[Adolph Kussmaul]] described children who were able to speak normally but often refused to as having a disorder he named ''aphasia voluntaria''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brighttots.com/Selective_Mutism.html|title=Selective mutism what is selective mutism childhood disorder|first=Bright|last=Tots|access-date=2009-07-14|archive-date=2007-12-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071214101454/http://www.brighttots.com/Selective_Mutism.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Although this is now an obsolete term, it was part of an early effort to describe the concept now called selective mutism.

In 1980, a study by [[Torey Hayden]] identified what she called four "subtypes" of elective mutism (as it was called then), although this set of subtypes is not in current diagnostic use.<ref>Torey Hayden. [http://www.torey-hayden.com/research/classification-of-elective-mutism.pdf Classification of Elective Mutism]</ref> These subtypes are no longer recognized, though "speech phobia" is sometimes used to describe a selectively mute person who appears not to have any symptoms of social anxiety.

The ''[[Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders]]'' (DSM), first published in 1952, first included selective mutism in its third edition, published in 1980. Selective mutism was described as "a continuous refusal to speak in almost all social situations" despite normal ability to speak. While "excessive shyness" and other anxiety-related traits were listed as associated features, predisposing factors included "maternal [[helicopter parent|overprotection]]", "[[mental retardation]]", and [[Trauma model of mental disorders|trauma]]. Elective mutism in the third edition revised (DSM III-R) is described similarly to the third edition except for specifying that the disorder is ''not'' related to social phobia.

In 1994, Sue Newman, co-founder of the Selective Mutism Foundation, requested that the fourth edition of the DSM reflect the name change from elective mutism to selective mutism and describe the disorder as a ''failure'' to speak. The relation to anxiety disorders was emphasized, particularly in the revised version ([[DSM-IV-TR|DSM IV-TR]]). As part of the reorganization of the DSM categories, the [[DSM-5]] moved selective mutism from the section "Disorders Usually First Diagnosed in Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence" to the section for anxiety disorders.<ref>{{Cite book | last=American Psychiatric Association | year=2013 | title=Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders | edition=Fifth | publisher=American Psychiatric Publishing | location=Arlington, VA | pages=[https://archive.org/details/diagnosticstatis0005unse/page/189 189] | isbn=978-0-89042-555-8 | url=https://archive.org/details/diagnosticstatis0005unse/page/189 }}</ref>