Editing Shark attack (section)

=== Drum lines ===
{{Main|Drum line (shark control)}}

A [[Drum line (shark control)|drum line]] is an unmanned aquatic trap used to lure and capture large sharks using baited hooks. They are typically deployed near popular swimming beaches with the intention of reducing the number of sharks in the vicinity and therefore the probability of shark attack. Drum lines were first deployed to protect users of the marine environment from sharks in [[Queensland]], Australia in 1962. During this time, they were just as successful in reducing the frequency of shark attacks as were shark nets.<ref>{{citation|url=http://www2.dpi.qld.gov.au/extra/pdf/fishweb/sharksafetyreport.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140123173415/http://www2.dpi.qld.gov.au/extra/pdf/fishweb/sharksafetyreport.pdf|archive-date=23 January 2014|access-date=6 January 2017|title=A Report on the Queensland Shark Safety Program|date=March 2006|publisher=Queensland Government, Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Curtis-2012" /><ref name="Dudley">{{cite journal|last1=Dudley|first1=S.F.J.|title=A comparison of the shark control programs of New South Wales and Queensland (Australia) and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa)|journal=Ocean Coast Manag|volume=34|date=1997|issue=34|pages=1–27|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/223563025|doi=10.1016/S0964-5691(96)00061-0|bibcode=1997OCM....34....1D }}</ref> More recently, drumlines have also been used with great success in [[Recife]], Brazil where the number of attacks has dropped by 97% when the drumlines are deployed.<ref>{{cite journal|title=A green strategy for shark attack mitigation off Recife, Brazil|first1=F. H. V.|last1=Hazin|first2=A. S.|last2=Afonso|date=1 August 2014|journal=Animal Conservation|volume=17|issue=4|pages=287–296|doi=10.1111/acv.12096|bibcode=2014AnCon..17..287H |hdl=10400.1/11160|s2cid=86034169 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> While shark nets and drum lines share the same purpose, drum lines are more effective at targeting the three sharks that are considered most dangerous to swimmers: the [[bull shark]], [[tiger shark]] and [[great white shark]].<ref name=Dudleyetal>{{cite journal |first1=Sheldon F.J.|last1=Dudley|first2=R.C.|last2=Haestier |last3=Cox|first3=K.R.|first4=M.|last4= Murray |title=Shark control: Experimental fishing with baited drumlines |journal=Marine and Freshwater Research|volume=49|issue=7|pages=653|date=January 1998|doi=10.1071/MF98026|bibcode=1998MFRes..49..653D }}</ref> [[Drum lines#Smart drumlines|SMART drumlines]] can also be used to move sharks, which greatly reduces mortality of sharks and [[bycatch]] to less than 2%.<ref name="NSW_Smart_Drumlines">{{cite web |title=NSW North Coast SMART drumline data |url=https://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/fishing/sharks/management/smart-drumlines |website=NSW Government: Department of Primary Industries |access-date=4 December 2018}}</ref>

Drum lines result in [[bycatch]]. For example, in 2015 the non-profit organization Action for Dolphins said about Queensland's shark control program (which uses drum lines):

{{blockquote|"[Data] reveals the ecological carnage of [Queensland's] shark control regime. In total, more than 8,000 marine species with some level of protection status have been caught by the Queensland Shark Control Program, including 719 [[loggerhead turtle]]s, 442 [[manta ray]]s and 33 critically endangered [[hawksbill turtle]]s. More than 84,000 marine animals have been ensnared by drum-lines and shark nets since the program began in 1962 [...] Nearly 27,000 marine mammals have been snared. The state's shark control policy has captured over 5,000 [[turtle]]s, 1,014 [[dolphin]]s, nearly 700 [[dugong]]s and 120 [[whales]]."<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.afd.org.au/news-articles/queenslands-shark-control-program-has-snagged-84000-animals| title = Queensland's Shark Control Program Has Snagged 84,000 Animals, Latest news| date = 12 May 2023}} Action for Dolphins. ''Queensland's Shark Control Program Has Snagged 84,000 Animals.'' Thom Mitchell. 20 November 2015. Retrieved 25 December 2018.</ref>}}

Drum lines have been criticized by environmentalists, conservationists and animal welfare activists, who have asserted that drum lines are unethical, non-scientific, and environmentally destructive. They also claim drum lines harm the marine ecosystem.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.ausmarinescience.com/marine-science-basics/marine-biology/sharks/| title = Sharks – Marine Science Australia}} ''Sharks – Marine Science Australia.'' Ausmarinescience.com. Retrieved 18 September 2018.</ref><ref name="ssqld">http://www.seashepherd.org.au/apex-harmony/overview/queensland.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170823115901/http://www.seashepherd.org.au/apex-harmony/overview/queensland.html |date=23 August 2017 }} ''Queensland – Overview.'' Seashepherd.org.au. Retrieved 18 September 2018.</ref><ref>Calla Wahlquist (12 February 2015). {{cite web| url = https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2015/feb/12/was-serious-threat-shark-policy-condemned-by-senate| title = Western Australia's 'serious threat' shark policy condemned by Senate {{!}} Western Australia |work= The Guardian| date = 12 February 2015 }} ''"Western Australia's 'serious threat' shark policy condemned by Senate".'' Retrieved 18 September 2018</ref><ref>Carl Meyer (11 December 2013). {{cite web| url = http://theconversation.com/western-australias-shark-culls-lack-bite-and-science-21371| title = Western Australia's shark culls lack bite (and science)| date = 11 December 2013}} ''"Western Australia's shark culls lack bite (and science)"''. Theconversation.com. Retrieved 18 September 2018.</ref><ref name="Schetzer">Alana Schetzer (8 May 2017). {{cite web| url = http://pursuit.unimelb.edu.au/articles/sharks-how-a-cull-could-ruin-an-ecosystem| title = Sharks: How a cull could ruin an ecosystem {{!}} Pursuit by The University of Melbourne| date = 8 May 2017}} ''"Sharks: How a cull could ruin an ecosystem".'' Science Matters. University of Melbourne – via Pursuit. Retrieved 18 September 2018.</ref><ref>Chloe Hubbard (30 April 2017). {{cite web| url = https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/no-shark-cull-why-some-surfers-don-t-want-kill-n748141| title = No Shark Cull: Why Some Surfers Don't Want to Kill Great Whites Despite Lethal Attacks| website = [[NBC News]]| date = 30 April 2017}} ''"No Shark Cull: Why Some Surfers Don't Want to Kill Great Whites Despite Lethal Attacks".'' NBC News. Retrieved 18 September 2018.</ref>