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Sino-Soviet split
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=== Ho Chi Minh's attempts to defuse the split === In 1960, Ho Chi Minh, uniquely among Marxist-Leninist world leaders, attempted to mediate the growing Sino-Soviet tensions, staking his own personal reputation by doing so. On 14 August 1960, Ho attended a meeting in [[Sochi]] with Khrushchev, [[Władysław Gomułka]], [[Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal]], and [[Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej]], the purpose of which was to discuss the growing tensions with China. Khrushchev expressed reservations about Mao's growing nationalism, which he perceived as similar to the racial, pan-Asian nationalist propaganda of [[Empire of Japan|Imperial Japan]]. Later, when Ho met with Deng Xiaoping, Deng used the information he had received from Ho to denounce the Soviets and accuse them of spreading [[Yellow Peril]]. Although Ho was able to foster dialogue between the two states, the limited influence of North Vietnam within the Marxist-Leninist world resulted in Ho failing to prevent the split.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Grundy |first=Steven Crawford |date=2 July 2024 |title=Mission Impossible: Explaining the Failure of Ho Chi Minh’s Mediation Efforts Inside the Marxist-Leninist World, 1960-1961 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14682745.2024.2329284#abstract |journal=[[Cold War History (journal)|Cold War History]] |language=en |volume=24 |issue=3 |pages=423–452 |doi=10.1080/14682745.2024.2329284 |issn=1468-2745 |access-date=8 April 2025 |via=Taylor and Francis Online|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
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