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Structuration theory
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===Strong structuration=== Rob Stones argued that many aspects of Giddens' original theory had little place in its modern manifestation. Stones focused on clarifying its scope, reconfiguring some concepts and inserting new ones, and refining methodology and research orientations. Strong structuration: #Places its ontology more ''[[in situ]]'' than abstractly.<!--what does that mean?--> #Introduces the ''quadripartite cycle'', which details the elements in the duality of structure. These are: #* ''external structures'' as conditions of action; #* ''internal structures'' within the agent; #* ''active agency'', "including a range of aspects involved when agents draw upon internal structures in producing practical action";<ref name="Structuration theory" />{{rp|9}} and #* ''outcomes'' (as both structures and events). #Increases attention to epistemology and methodology. Ontology supports epistemology and methodology by prioritising: #* the question-at-hand; #* appropriate forms of methodological bracketing; #* distinct [[Methodology|methodological]] steps in research; and #* "[t]he specific combinations of all the above in composite forms of research."<ref name="Structuration theory" />{{rp|189}} #Discovers the "meso-level of ontology between the abstract, philosophical level of ontology and the ''in-situ'', [[ontic]] level."<ref name="Structuration theory" /> Strong structuration allows varied abstract ontological concepts in experiential conditions. #Focuses on the meso-level at the temporal and spatial scale. #Conceptualises ''independent causal forces'' and ''irresistible causal forces'', which take into account how external structures, internal structures, and active agency affect agent choices (or lack of them). "Irresistible forces" are the connected concepts of a horizon of action with a set of "actions-in-hand" and a hierarchical ordering of purposes and concerns. An agent is affected by external influences. This aspect of strong structuration helps reconcile an agent's dialectic of control and his/her more constrained set of "real choices."<ref name="Structuration theory" />
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