Editing Subjunctive mood (section)

====Latin====
{{Further|Latin syntax#The subjunctive mood}}

The Latin subjunctive has many uses, contingent upon the nature of a [[clause]] within a sentence:<ref>''Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar'', §438. Dover Publications, 2006. Print.</ref>

Within [[independent clauses]]:
*[[Hortative|Exhortation or command]]
*Concession
*[[Optative mood|Wish]]
*Question of doubt
*Possibility or contingency

Within [[dependent clauses]]:
*Condition
*Purpose
*Characteristic
*Result
*Time
*[[Content clause#Interrogative content clauses|Indirect questions]]

Historically, the Latin subjunctive originates from the ancestral [[Optative mood|optative inflections]], while some of the original subjunctive forms went on to compose the Latin [[future tense]], especially in the Latin third conjugation.{{citation needed|date=November 2015}} The *''-i-'' of the old optative forms manifests itself in the fact that the Latin subjunctives typically have a [[high vowel]] even when the indicative mood has a lower vowel; for example, Latin ''rogamus'', "we ask", in the indicative mood, corresponds to the subjunctive ''rogemus'', "let us ask", where ''e'' is a higher vowel than ''a''.

{| class="wikitable"
|+Latin present subjunctive forms
|-
!Conjugation!!1st!!2nd!!3rd<ref>"Languages: Latin: curro." Verbix. N.p., 2010. Web. 22 Mar. 2010. <{{cite web |url=http://www.verbix.com/webverbix/go.php?T1=curro&imageField.x=0&imageField.y=0&D1=9&H1=109 |title=Latin verb 'curro' conjugated |access-date=2010-03-22 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605111359/http://www.verbix.com/webverbix/go.php?T1=curro&imageField.x=0&imageField.y=0&D1=9&H1=109 |archive-date=2011-06-05 }}>.</ref>!!3rd<sup>IO</sup>!!4th
|-
! 1st singular
| {{lang|la|rogem}} || {{lang|la|habeam}} || {{lang|la|curram}} || {{lang|la|excipiam}} || {{lang|la|veniam}}
|-
! 2nd singular
| {{lang|la|roges}} || {{lang|la|habeas}} || {{lang|la|curras}} || {{lang|la|excipias}} || {{lang|la|venias}}
|-
! 3rd singular
| {{lang|la|roget}} || {{lang|la|habeat}} || {{lang|la|currat}} || {{lang|la|excipiat}} || {{lang|la|veniat}}
|-
! 1st plural
| {{lang|la|rogemus}} || {{lang|la|habeamus}} || {{lang|la|curramus}} || {{lang|la|excipiamus}} || {{lang|la|veniamus}}
|-
! 2nd plural
| {{lang|la|rogetis}} || {{lang|la|habeatis}} || {{lang|la|curratis}} || {{lang|la|excipiatis}} || {{lang|la|veniatis}}
|-
! 3rd plural
| {{lang|la|rogent}} || {{lang|la|habeant}} || {{lang|la|currant}} || {{lang|la|excipiant}} || {{lang|la|veniant}}
|}

The subjunctive mood retains a highly distinct form for nearly all verbs in [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]] and [[Italian language|Italian]] (among other [[Romance languages]]), and for a number of verbs in [[French language|French]].  All of these languages inherit their subjunctive from Latin, where the subjunctive mood combines both forms and usages from a number of original Indo-European inflection sets, including the original subjunctive and the [[optative mood]].

In many cases, the Romance languages use the subjunctive in the same ways that English does; however, they use them in other ways as well. For example, English generally uses the auxiliary 'may' or 'let' to form [[desiderative]] expressions, such as "Let it snow". The Romance languages use the subjunctive for these; French, for example, says, {{lang|fr|Qu'il neige}} and {{lang|fr|Qu'ils vivent jusqu'à leur vieillesse}}. However, in the case of the first-person plural, these languages have imperative forms: "Let us go" in French is {{lang|fr|Allons-y}}. In addition, the Romance languages tend to use the subjunctive in various kinds of subordinate clauses, such as those introduced by words meaning ''although'', e.g. English: "Although I am old, I feel young"; French: {{lang|fr|Bien que je sois vieux, je me sens jeune.}}

In Spanish, phrases with words like {{lang|es|lo que}} (that which, what), {{lang|es|quien}} (who), or {{lang|es|donde}} (where) and subjunctive verb forms are often translated to English with some variation of "whatever" or sometimes an indefinite pronoun. Spanish {{lang|es|lo que sea}}, which is, by a literal interpretation, along the lines of "the thing which is", is translated as English "whatever" or "anything"; similarly, Spanish {{lang|es|donde sea}} is English "wherever" and Spanish {{lang|es|quien sea}} is English "whoever". For example, Spanish {{lang|es|lo que quieras}}, literally "that which you want", is translated as English "whatever you may want"; Spanish {{lang|es|cueste lo que cueste}} is translated to English as "whatever it may cost"; and Spanish {{lang|es|donde vayas, voy}} is translated to English as "wherever you go, I go". The acronym W.E.I.R.D.O, is commonly used by English-speaking students of Spanish to learn the subjunctive. It ''usually'' stands for Wish Emotion Impersonal Expressions Recommendations Doubt Ojalá. With the exception of ''negative commands,'' the subjunctive is always activated in the second clause, when a situation of "W.E.I.R.D.O" is present.