Editing Suprachiasmatic nucleus (section)

=== Major depressive disorder ===
[[Major depressive disorder|Major depressive disorder (MDD)]] has been associated with altered circadian rhythms.<ref name=":13">{{Cite journal |last1=Landgraf |first1=Dominic |last2=Long |first2=Jaimie E. |last3=Proulx |first3=Christophe D. |last4=Barandas |first4=Rita |last5=Malinow |first5=Roberto |last6=Welsh |first6=David K. |date=2016-12-01 |title=Genetic Disruption of Circadian Rhythms in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Causes Helplessness, Behavioral Despair, and Anxiety-like Behavior in Mice |journal=Biological Psychiatry |series=Novel Signaling Mechanisms in Depression |language=en |volume=80 |issue=11 |pages=827–835 |doi=10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.03.1050 |pmid=27113500 |pmc=5102810 |issn=0006-3223}}</ref> Patients with MDD have weaker rhythms that express clock genes in the brain. When SCN rhythms were disturbed, anxiety-like behavior, weight gain, helplessness, and despair were reported in a study conducted with mice. Abnormal [[glucocorticoid]] levels occurred in mice with no ''[[BMAL1|Bmal1]]'' expression in the SCN.<ref name=":13" />