Editing Sutton Coldfield (section)

=== 17th and 18th centuries ===
==== Civil war, unrest and governance ====
The outbreak of the [[English Civil War]] in 1642 saw the [[Battle of Camp Hill]] at nearby Birmingham, which resulted in Birmingham being pillaged by Royalist forces. Despite the nearby action, Sutton Coldfield emerged unscathed, although it is known that it was visited by both Parliamentary and Royalist soldiers.<ref>{{cite book|last=Amphlett |first=John |title=A Short History of Clent |year=2009 |publisher=BiblioBazaar |isbn=978-1-103-20118-1|page=124 }}</ref> It is claimed that during his escape from England in 1646, [[Charles II of England|Charles II]] stayed for a night at [[New Hall Manor]].<ref>{{cite web|title=A History of New Hall |url=http://www.handpickedhotels.co.uk/hotels/new-hall-hotel/History/ |publisher=Handpicked Hotels |access-date=14 September 2010|quote=...it is said that Charles II stayed one night at New Hall during his flight from England...}}</ref>

On 26 July 1664, King Charles II renewed the royal charter for Sutton Coldfield, with the additional provision being made for the appointment of two members of the Society as capital [[Burgess (title)|burgesses]] and also as [[Justice of the peace|justices of the peace]] alongside the Warden.<ref name="Salzman" /><ref>{{cite book|title=The charters of the royal town of Sutton Coldfield |year=1853 |publisher=Benjamin Hall |pages=29–38 |author=Warden and Society of the Royal Town of Sutton Coldfield }}</ref>

Following his trial and three-year suspension from preaching, the violently [[English Presbyterianism|anti-Presbyterian]] [[Henry Sacheverell]] retired to New Hall, the home of his once-removed first cousin, George Sacheverell.<ref name="WKRB13" /> Henry Sacheverell preached a vitriolic sermon at Sutton Church on Sunday 17 October 1714, which fuelled [[Birmingham]]'s contribution to the nationwide rioting the following Wednesday, the day of [[King George I of Great Britain|King George I]]'s coronation.  It also appears that, whilst residing in New Hall, he helped ferment the [[English Presbyterianism|anti-Presbyterian]] "Church in danger" riots of July 1715, when, according to a correspondent of [[George Berkeley]], up to 4000 rioters gathered in Birmingham, twenty-eight rioters died, and no more than three [[English Dissenters|Dissenters]]' meeting-houses survived in Birmingham, [[Worcestershire]] and [[Staffordshire]].<ref>Gilmour, Ian; Riot, risings and revolution (London, 1992); {{ISBN|0091753309}}.</ref>  

The town became a temporary refuge in 1791, following the "[[Priestley Riots]]" in Birmingham. [[William Hutton (Birmingham historian)|William Hutton]], for example, whose house was attacked by protesters, decided to spend the summer in Sutton. However, local residents' fears of further rioting forced him to move permanently to [[Tamworth, Staffordshire|Tamworth]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Hutton |first=William |title=The life of William Hutton, stationer, of Birmingham, and the history of his family |year=1841 |publisher=Charles Knight & Co. |pages=58–59 |author-link=William Hutton (Birmingham historian)}}</ref> [[Joseph Priestley]] is said to have stayed at the 'Three Tuns' following the destruction of his home in the [[Priestley riots|riots]], and his initial flight to Heath-forge, [[Wombourne]].<ref name="DargueSC" />

==== Industrial growth ====
The manufacture of blades, gun barrels, spades, and spade handles, as well as the grinding of knives, bayonets, and axes, mainly at mills constructed at pools in Sutton Park and on the banks of Ebrook, became an important contributor to the town's economy in the 17th century. The blade mill at Bracebridge Pool fell out of use by 1678 and was destroyed; however, it was reconstructed by 1729.<ref name="lhi" /> The creation of Longmoor Pool, caused by the damming of Longmoor Brook in Longmoor Valley, was approved in 1733 and carried about by John Riland, who built a mill there in 1754 with his co-tenant<ref name="Salzman" /> for the manufacture of buttons.<ref name="SCNHC">{{cite web|last=Coxhead |first=Peter |title=The Pools of Sutton Park |url=http://www.sp.scnhs.org.uk/lakes.html |publisher=Sutton Coldfield Natural History Society |access-date=14 September 2010}}</ref> Blackroot Pool was also constructed in around 1757 by Edward Homer and Joseph Duncomb. In 1772, the Warden and Society of the town gave a lease of 30 years to Thomas Ingram at the pool.<ref name="Salzman" /> The mill at Blackroot Pool was originally used for leather dressing, although later became a [[sawmill]].<ref name="SCNHC" />

Powell's Pool was created in 1730 as a millpond for Powell's Pool Mill, a steel-rolling mill.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sutton Park |url=http://www.brumagem.co.uk/ae_Sutton-Park_Birmingham.htm |publisher=Brumagem |access-date=14 September 2010 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110911082554/http://www.brumagem.co.uk/ae_Sutton-Park_Birmingham.htm |archive-date=11 September 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> In 1733, a cotton-spinning machine was tested at the mill by [[John Wyatt (inventor)|John Wyatt]] with the help of [[Lewis Paul]], helping to kickstart the creation of the UK's cotton industry in the 18th century.<ref name="Newcomen">{{cite book|title=The Newcomen bulletin |year=1984 |publisher=Newcomen Society for the Study of the History of Engineering and Technology |page=28|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KpYoAQAAIAAJ |access-date=14 September 2010}}</ref> In total, Sutton Coldfield has had 15 watermills, 13 of which were powered by Plants Brook, and the remaining two using an independent water supply. There were also two windmills in the town, at Maney Hill and at Langley.<ref name="Newcomen" />

A heavy storm caused the collapse of the dam holding back the waters of Wyndley Pool,<ref>{{cite web|title=For 60 years after the Norman Conquest, Sutton Coldfield was a royal manor|url=http://www.thisissuttoncoldfield.co.uk/news/Times-NR-42pt-headline-heady/article-2470869-detail/article.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130505073137/http://www.thisissuttoncoldfield.co.uk/news/Times-NR-42pt-headline-heady/article-2470869-detail/article.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 May 2013 |publisher=Sutton Coldfield Observer (republished by thisissuttoncoldfield.co.uk)|access-date=14 September 2010}}</ref> which swept downstream and broke the banks of Mill Pool at Mill Street in July 1668, subsequently flooding and destroying many homes within Sutton Coldfield.<ref name="WKRB13">{{cite book|last=Riland-Bedford |first=William Kirkpatrick |author-link=William Kirkpatrick Riland Bedford |title=Three Hundred Years of a Family Living; Being a History of the Rilands of Sutton Coldfield |orig-year=1889 |year= 2009 |publisher=General Books |isbn=978-1-150-13395-4 |page=13}}</ref> Bracebridge Pool also broke its banks as a result of the storm on 24 July, causing lesser damage. Wyndley Pool was subsequently drained, although there is another pool within Sutton Park with the same name.<ref name="DargueSC" />

Much of the damming in Sutton Coldfield was carried out using stone and gravel quarried from within the town. These quarries also supplied stone for construction elsewhere in the town, proving to be particularly profitable. The quarry that supplied material for the construction of Blackroot Pool in 1759 was in use until 1914.<ref name="lhi" />

==== Financial prosperity and town growth ====
During the 17th and 18th centuries, the town prospered from the growth of industry and this led to improvements in the quality of life for the residents. They were now able to experience new luxuries such as seafood. Products were 10% more expensive in Sutton Coldfield than in neighbouring towns and villages. The town also grew, due in part to the wealthy industrialists of Birmingham seeing Sutton Coldfield as a suitable location for their country houses, away from the pollution of the larger town.<ref name="Beresford">{{cite book |last=Beresford |first=Maurice |title=Time and Place: collected essays |year=1985 |publisher=Continuum International Publishing Group |isbn=0-907628-39-7 |page=[https://archive.org/details/timeplacecollect0000bere/page/100 100] |url=https://archive.org/details/timeplacecollect0000bere/page/100 }}</ref> A survey of the parish in 1630 reported that there were 298 houses, and this number had increased to 310 when another survey was conducted in 1698.<ref name="WKRB12">{{cite book|last=Riland-Bedford |first=William Kirkpatrick |title=Three Hundred Years of a Family Living; Being a History of the Rilands of Sutton Coldfield |orig-year=1889 |year=2009 |publisher=General Books |isbn=978-1-150-13395-4 |page=12}}</ref> Of these houses would have been 20 High Street, which was built around 1675.<ref>{{NHLE |num=1116386 |access-date=14 September 2010}}</ref> A survey of the parish in 1721 noted that the number of houses in Sutton Coldfield had increased to 360.<ref name="WKRB12" /> In 1636, [[Charles I of England|King Charles I]] imposed the [[ship money]] tax of £80 on the town, compared to £100 for Birmingham and Warwick, £266 for Coventry, and £50 for Stafford, reflecting the wealth of the town at the time.<ref>{{cite book|last=Yates |first=George |title=An Historical and Descriptive Sketch of Birmingham |year=1830 |publisher=Beilby, Knott, and Beilby |page=24}}</ref> In 1663, an Act was passed to order and collect "Hearth Duty", which led to a subsequent survey of all houses in the country and the noting of all properties with hearths and stoves. The survey of Sutton Coldfield found that there were 67 hearths and stoves, of which 30 were attributed to two houses owned by the Willoughby family.<ref name="showell">{{cite book|last=Showell |first=Walter |title=Showell's Dictionary of Birmingham |year=1885 |publisher=J.G. Hammond & Co. |url=https://archive.org/stream/showellsdictiona14472gut/14472.txt |author2=Harman, Thomas T.  |access-date=6 November 2010|location=Birmingham}}</ref>

Some of Sutton Coldfield's most prominent buildings were constructed or underwent changes during this time. For example, the current [[Peddimore Hall]] was constructed in 1659 by William Wood to a design by [[William Wilson (architect)|William Wilson]], who took up residence in the town and married the widowed landowner, Jane Pudsey, in 1681.<ref>{{cite book|last=Jones |first=Douglas V. |title=Walmley and its surroundings |year=1990 |publisher=Westwood Press |isbn=0-948025-11-5 |chapter=Chapter III: Langley, Wishaw and Moxhull}}</ref> Her daughters disapproved of the relationship and she was forced out of her home at Langley Hall, resulting in Wilson constructing [[Moat House, Sutton Coldfield|Moat House]] for the couple in 1680.<ref>{{cite book|last=Noszlopy |first=George Thomas |title=Public sculpture of Warwickshire, Coventry and Solihull |year=2003 |publisher=Liverpool University Press |isbn=0-85323-847-2 |page=273}}</ref> Another of his works in the town was Four Oaks Hall, designed for [[Henry Folliott, 1st Baron Folliott]], who was the husband of Wilson's stepdaughter. Along with the hall, Lord Folliott enclosed {{convert|60|acre|ha|abbr=on}} of woodland.<ref name="DVJCH">{{cite book|last=Jones |first=Douglas V. |title=The Royal Town of Sutton Coldfield—A Commemorative History |year=1994 |publisher=Westwood Press |isbn=0-9502636-7-2 }}</ref>

In 1610, New Hall Manor was purchased by Henry Sacheverell, the family of which were prominent landowners throughout the country. Upon his death in 1620, the hall was inherited first by Valence Sacheverell, and then by George Sacheverell, his eldest son.<ref name="Salzman" /> Notable buildings that were constructed in the town during the 18th century include the Royal Hotel on High Street, which dates to circa 1750.<ref name="DargueSC" /><ref>{{NHLE |num=1075794 |access-date=14 September 2010}}</ref> The 'Three Tuns' public house, also on High Street, dates to the late 18th century, although it retains the cellars and foundations of an earlier building.<ref>{{NHLE |num=1075793 |access-date=14 September 2010}}</ref>