Editing Turbo Pascal (section)

==Versions==
===CP/M and DOS versions===
====Version 1====
[[File:Turbo pascal 30 cover.jpg|thumb|Turbo Pascal 3.0 manual front cover]]

Version 1, released on 20 November 1983, was a basic all-in-one system, working in memory and producing [[COM file|.COM]] executable files for DOS and CP/M, and equivalent [[CMD file (CP/M)|.CMD]] executables for CP/M-86 (totally different from .CMD batch files later used in 32-bit Microsoft Windows). Source code files were limited to 64&nbsp;KB to simplify the IDE, and DOS .COM files were limited to 64&nbsp;KB each of code, stack and global (static) variables. Program source code could be extended by using the include facility if the source code exceeded the memory limit of the editor.
 
There were different versions of Turbo Pascal for computers running DOS, CP/M, or CP/M-86 with 64&nbsp;KB of memory and at least one floppy disk drive. The CP/M version could run on the many CP/M machines of the time with [[Zilog Z80|Z80]] processors, or an Apple II with Z80 card. The DOS and CP/M-86 versions ran on the many [[Intel 8086|8086]] and [[Intel 8088|8088]] machines which became available, including the IBM  PC. The installer, lister, and compiler with its IDE, and the source code for a simple spreadsheet program called MicroCalc written by Philippe Kahn as a demonstration, would fit on a single floppy disc. A disc copy without MicroCalc would accommodate the source code and compiled executable of a reasonable-sized program—as it was common at the time for users to have only a single floppy drive as [[mass storage]], it was a great convenience to be able to fit both the compiler and the program being written on a single disc, avoiding endless disc swapping.

The [[Computer architecture|architecture]] of the various machines running MS-DOS additionally limited the maximum user memory to under 1&nbsp;MB (e.g., [[IBM PC compatible|machines hardware-compatible with the IBM PC]] were limited to 640&nbsp;KB).

The Turbo Pascal IDE was very advanced for its day. It was able to perform well and compile very fast with the amount of RAM on a typical home computer. The IDE was simple and intuitive to use, and had a well-organized system of menus. Early versions of the editor used [[WordStar]] key functions, which was the [[de facto]] standard at the time. Later versions of the IDE, designed for PCs with more disk space and memory, could display the definitions of the keywords of the language by putting the cursor over a keyword and pressing the F1 key (conventionally used to display help). Many definitions included example code.

In addition to standard executable programs, the compiler could generate [[terminate-and-stay-resident]] (TSR) programs, small utilities that stayed in memory and let the computer do other tasks—running several programs at the same time, [[Computer multitasking|multitasking]], was not otherwise available. Borland produced a small application suite called [[Borland Sidekick|Sidekick]] that was a TSR letting the user keep a diary, notes, and so forth.

==== Version 2 ====
Version 2, released a few months later on 17 April 1984, was an incremental improvement to the original Turbo Pascal, to the point that the reference manual was at first identical to version 1's, down to having 1983 as the copyright date on some of the compiler's sample output, but had a separate "Addendum to Reference Manual: Version 2.0 and 8087 Supplement" manual with separate page numbering.<ref name=turbop>{{cite book |url=http://bitsavers.org/pdf/borland/turbo_pascal/Turbo_Pascal_Version_2.0_Reference_1984.pdf |title=Turbo Pascal version 2.0}}</ref> Additions included an [[Overlay (programming)|overlay system]], where separate overlay procedures would be automatically swapped from disk into a reserved space in memory. This memory was part of the 64kB RAM used by the program's code, and was automatically the size of the largest overlay procedure.<ref name=turbop/> Overlay procedures could include overlay sections themselves, but unless a RAM disk was used, the resulting disk swapping could be slow. 2.0 also added the Dispose procedure to manage the [[Heap (programming)|heap]], allowing individual dynamic variables to be freed, as an alternative to the more primitive 'Mark/Release' system and increased compatibility with WordStar commands plus use of the numeric keypad on the IBM PC and compatibles.<ref name=turbop/> Such PCs also had new text window and [[Color Graphics Adapter|CGA]] graphics mode commands as well as being able to use the PC's speaker for tones. Finally, DOS and CP/M-86 machines with an [[8087]] maths coprocessor (or later compatible) had an alternative TURBO-87 compiler available to purchase.<ref name=turbop/> It supported the 8087's ''long real'' data types with a range of 1.67E-307 to 1.67E+308 to 14 significant figure precision but with a much greater processing speed. The manual notes that although source code for the Turbo Pascal's software real data types offering a range of 1E-63 to 1E+63 to 11 significant figures, these were incompatible at a binary level: as well as having a much larger range, the software reals took six bytes in memory and the 8087 ones were eight.

Version 2 for CP/M-80 only runs on Z80-based [[CP/M]] machines.<ref name="rodman198409">{{Cite magazine |last=Rodman |first=Richard |date=1984 |title=Turbo Pascal v2.0 |url=https://archive.org/details/Computer_Language_Issue_01_1984-09_CL_Publications_US/page/n79/mode/1up?view=theater |access-date=2025-04-06 |magazine=Computer Language |pages=78–79 |volume=1 |issue=1}}</ref>

==== Version 3 ====

Version 3 was released on 17 September 1986.<ref name="tp302"/> Turbo Pascal 3 supported [[turtle graphics]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cs.nyu.edu/cs/faculty/marateck/turtle.html|title=Using Turtle Graphics Under Turbo Pascal |first=Nathan |last=Hull}}</ref> In addition to the default software real numbers and 8087 edition of the compiler, Borland also offered a [[binary-coded decimal]] (BCD) version (TURBOBCD) which offered the same numeric range as real data types but to 18 significant figures.<ref name="tp302"/>

=== DOS versions ===

==== Version 4 ====

Released on 20 November 1987,<ref name="tp_release_dates">{{cite web |url=https://community.embarcadero.com/blogs/entry/turbo-pascal-version-10--the-turbo-pascal-release-dates-39142 |title=Turbo Pascal version 1.0 - The Turbo Pascal release dates |date=17 November 2008 |website=Embarcadero Technologies |access-date=2021-04-13 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224140637/https://community.embarcadero.com/blogs/entry/turbo-pascal-version-10--the-turbo-pascal-release-dates-39142 |archive-date=24 Feb 2020}}</ref> Version 4 was a total rewrite, with both [[look and feel]] and internal operation much changed. The compiler generated executables in [[.exe|.EXE]] format under DOS, rather than the simpler but more restricted .COM executables. The by-then obsolete CP/M and CP/M-86 operating system versions were dropped when Turbo Pascal was rewritten. Version 4 introduced units, and a full-screen text user interface with pull-down menus; earlier versions had a text-based menu screen and a separate full-screen editor. ([[Microsoft Windows]] was still very experimental when the first version was released, and even [[Computer mouse|mice]] were rare.) An add-on package, the Turbo Pascal Graphix Toolbox, was available for Turbo Pascal V4.<ref>{{cite book |url=http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/borland/turbo_pascal/Turbo_Pascal_Graphix_Toolbox_Version_4.0_1987.pdf |title=Borland Graphics Toolbox Manual}}</ref>

==== Version 5.0 ====
Colour displays were replacing monochrome; Turbo Pascal version 5.0, released 24 August 1988,<ref name="tp_release_dates"/> introduced blue as the editor's default background color, used by Borland's DOS compilers until the end of this product line in the mid-1990s. It also added debugger support for breakpoints and watches. Later versions came in two packages with the same version number: a less expensive "Turbo" package, and a "Borland" package with enhanced capabilities and more add-ons.

==== Version 5.5 ====

This version, released on 2 May 1989,<ref name="tp_release_dates"/> introduced [[object-oriented programming]] features for the Pascal language, including concept of classes, static and dynamic objects, constructors and destructors and inheritance, which would become the basis for the Object Pascal found in Borland Delphi. The IDE uses the default blue colour scheme that would also be used on later Borland Turbo products. Other changes to IDE include the addition context-sensitive help with description of all built-in functions, and the ability to copy code fragments from the help to edit window.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://progopedia.com/version/turbo-pascal-5.5/|title=Turbo Pascal 5.5: version of programming language Pascal|website=progopedia.com}}</ref>

==== Version 6.0 ====

Version 6 was released on 23 October 1990.<ref name="tp_release_dates"/> Changes from 5.5 include: the addition of inline assembly, the addition of the [[Turbo Vision]] library, mouse support, clipboard for text manipulations, [[multiple document interface]] supporting up to nine edit windows.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://progopedia.com/version/turbo-pascal-6.0/|title=Turbo Pascal 6.0: version of programming language Pascal|website=progopedia.com}}</ref>

==== Version 7.0 ====

Version 7 was released on 27 October 1992.<ref name="tp_release_dates"/> Changes from 6.0 include support for the creation of DOS and Windows executables and Windows DLLs, and syntax highlighting.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://progopedia.com/version/turbo-pascal-7.0/|title=Turbo Pascal 7.0: version of programming language Pascal|website=progopedia.com}}</ref>

===Turbo Pascal for Windows===
Two versions named "Turbo Pascal for Windows" (TPW), for [[Windows 3.1x|Windows 3.x]], were released: TPW 1.0, based on Turbo Pascal 6 but released about 2 years later, and 1.5, released after Turbo Pascal 7; they were succeeded by Borland Pascal 7, which had Windows support. The Windows compiler in Pascal 7 was titled ''Borland Pascal for Windows''.

Both versions built Windows-compatible programs, and featured a Windows-based IDE, as opposed to the DOS-based IDE in Turbo Pascal. The IDE and editor commands conformed to the Microsoft Windows user interface guidelines instead of the classic TP user interface. The support for Windows programs required the [[Object Windows Library]] (OWL), similar but not identical to that for the first release of [[Borland C++]], and radically different from the earlier DOS [[Turbo Vision]] environment. Turbo Pascal was superseded for the Windows platform by [[Delphi (software)|Delphi]]; the Delphi compiler can produce console programs and [[graphical user interface]] (GUI) applications, so that using Turbo and Borland Pascal became unnecessary.

===Turbo Pascal for Macintosh===
Borland released ''Turbo Pascal for Macintosh'' in 1986.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://winworldpc.com/product/turbo-pascal/1x-mac|title=Borland Turbo Pascal 1.x (Mac)}}</ref><ref name="macworld0487">{{cite magazine |magazine=[[Macworld]] |title=Turbo Pascal Arrives |first=Denis |last=Cohen |volume=4 |issue=4 |date=April 1987 |pages=162–163 |url=https://archive.org/details/MacWorld_8704_April_1987/page/n165/mode/1up}}</ref> Much like versions 1 to 3 for other operating systems, it was written in compact assembly language and had a very powerful IDE, but no good debugger. Borland did not support this product very well, although they issued a version 1.1, patched to run on the 32-bit [[Macintosh II]]. Macintosh support was dropped soon after.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}

===Freeware releases===
[[Borland]] released several versions of Turbo Pascal as [[freeware]] after they became "antique software",<ref name=borlandmuseum>{{cite web |url=http://bdn.borland.com/museum |work=CDN » Museum |title=Antique Software: Turbo Pascal v5.5 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040203055603/http://bdn.borland.com/museum/ |archive-date=3 February 2004 |url-status=dead |access-date=2013-04-01 |publisher=Borland Software Corporation}}</ref> with 1.0 for DOS on 1 February 2000, 3.02 on 10 February 2000, 5.5 on 21 February 2002, Turbo Pascal 7.01 French version in year 2000.<ref name="tp701frenchfreeware">{{cite web|url=http://www.inprise.fr/download/compilateurs/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040624223937/http://www.inprise.fr/download/compilateurs/|archive-date=2004-06-24|url-status=dead|title=Téléchargements - Gratuits : Compilateurs Delphi, Pascal & C / C++ |quote=''Note to international users: This free Turbo Pascal 7 is available in French Only. The US version of Turbo Pascal 7 is not available as free download yet. For the US version please download Turbo Pascal 5.5 US below. Thanks.'' |publisher=Borland Software Corporation}}</ref> Most of the downloads are still available on the successor website of [[Embarcadero Technologies]].<ref name="tp10"/><ref name="tp302"/><ref name="tp55"/>