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Udmurt language
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==== Personal pronouns ==== Udmurt [[personal pronoun]]s are used to refer to human beings only. However, the third person singular can be referred to as ''it''. The nominative case of personal pronouns are listed in the following table: {| class="wikitable" |+ Personal pronouns ! ! singular ! plural |- ! 1st person |{{lang|udm|мон}} {{IPA|/mon/}} |{{lang|udm|ми}} {{IPA|/mi/}} |- ! 2nd person |{{lang|udm|тон}} {{IPA|/ton/}} |{{lang|udm|тӥ}} {{IPA|/ti/}} |- ! 3rd person |{{lang|udm|со}} {{IPA|/so/}} |{{lang|udm|соос}} {{IPA|/soːs/}} |} More details: *There are [[self-intensifier]] forms: ачим '[I] myself', ачид '[you] yourself', ачиз '[he/she/it] himself', асьмеос '[we] ourselves', асьтэос '[you] yourself', асьсэос '[they] yourself'.<ref name=asm>{{Cite web |url=http://udman.ru/ru/press-center/nauka-lyudyam/k-probleme-kategorii-inklyuzivnosti-mestoimeniy-v-udmurtskom-yazyke/ |title=К проблеме категории инклюзивности местоимений в удмуртском языке |access-date=2023-12-09 |archive-date=2023-12-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209020835/http://udman.ru/ru/press-center/nauka-lyudyam/k-probleme-kategorii-inklyuzivnosti-mestoimeniy-v-udmurtskom-yazyke/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *The 1st person plural has two forms according to [[clusivity]]: асьмеос is "inclusive we" and "ми" is "exclusive we". The younger speakers seem to favor always using "ми" (probably under the influence of Russian 'my' for "we"), so that for older generation the verse from a popular song "Ойдо, нылаш ми тонэн пумиськом!" sounds strange: its intended meaning is "Hey girl, let us meet!", while in the traditional thinking it reads "Hey girl, let we all meet with you!" The expected proper phrase would be: "Ойдо, нылаш асьмеос пумиськом!" and 'ми тонэн' is a [[calque]] from the Russian phrase 'my s toboi' meaning "me and you", but the word-by-word translation is "we with you".<ref name=asm/>
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