Editing Vegetative state (section)

==Treatment==
Currently no treatment for vegetative state exists that would satisfy the efficacy criteria of [[evidence-based medicine]]. Several methods have been proposed which can roughly be subdivided into four categories: pharmacological methods, surgery, physical therapy, and various stimulation techniques. [[Pharmacological therapy]] mainly uses activating substances such as [[tricyclic antidepressants]] or [[methylphenidate]]. Mixed results have been reported using dopaminergic drugs such as [[amantadine]] and [[bromocriptine]] and stimulants such as [[dextroamphetamine]].<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Dolce G, Sazbon L |title=The post-traumatic vegetative state|year=2002|publisher=Thieme |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tvY4pNyemisC|isbn=978-1-58890-116-3 }}</ref> Surgical methods such as deep brain stimulation are used less frequently due to the invasiveness of the procedures. Stimulation techniques include sensory stimulation, sensory regulation, music and musicokinetic therapy, social-tactile interaction, and cortical stimulation.<ref name="Vegetative state and minimally cons">{{cite journal | vauthors = Georgiopoulos M, Katsakiori P, Kefalopoulou Z, Ellul J, Chroni E, Constantoyannis C | title = Vegetative state and minimally conscious state: a review of the therapeutic interventions | journal = Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery | volume = 88 | issue = 4 | pages = 199–207 | year = 2010 | pmid = 20460949 | doi = 10.1159/000314354 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

=== Zolpidem ===
There is limited evidence that the hypnotic drug [[zolpidem]] has an effect.<ref name="Vegetative state and minimally cons"/> The results of the few scientific studies that have been published so far on the effectiveness of zolpidem have been contradictory.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Snyman N, Egan JR, London K, Howman-Giles R, Gill D, Gillis J, Scheinberg A | title = Zolpidem for persistent vegetative state--a placebo-controlled trial in pediatrics | journal = Neuropediatrics | volume = 41 | issue = 5 | pages = 223–37 | date = October 2010 | pmid = 21210338 | doi = 10.1055/s-0030-1269893 | s2cid = 24173900 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Whyte J, Myers R | title = Incidence of clinically significant responses to zolpidem among patients with disorders of consciousness: a preliminary placebo controlled trial | journal = American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation | volume = 88 | issue = 5 | pages = 410–18 | date = May 2009 | pmid = 19620954 | doi = 10.1097/PHM.0b013e3181a0e3a0 | s2cid = 19666318 }}</ref>