Editing Active measures (section)

=== United States ===
{{see also|Soviet espionage in the United States}}
Some of the active measures by the USSR against the [[United States]] were exposed in the [[Mitrokhin Archive]]:<ref name="Mitrokhin" />

* Attempts to discredit the [[Central Intelligence Agency]], using writer [[Philip Agee]] (codenamed PONT), who exposed the identities of many CIA personnel. Mitrokhin alleges that Agee's bulletin ''[[CovertAction Quarterly|CovertAction]]'' received assistance from the Soviet KGB and Cuban [[Dirección de Inteligencia|DGI]]<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9TWUAQ7Xof8C |last1=Andrew |first1=Christopher |last2=Mitrokhin |first2=Vasili |name-list-style=amp |title=The Sword and The Shield: The Mitrokhin Archive and the Secret History of the KGB |date=1999 |location=New York |publisher=Basic Books |pages=230–234 |isbn=0-465-00310-9 |oclc=42368608}}</ref>
* Stirring up racial tensions in the United States by mailing bogus letters from the [[Ku Klux Klan]], placing an explosive package in "the Negro section of New York" ([[Operation PANDORA]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Andrew |first1=Christopher |last2=Mitrokhin |first2=Vasili |name-list-style=amp |title=The Sword and the Shield: The Mitrokhin Archive and the Secret History of the KGB |date=2001 |publisher=Basic Books |isbn=0-465-00312-5 |pages=237–239}}</ref>
* Planting claims that both [[John F. Kennedy]] and [[Martin Luther King Jr.]] had been assassinated by the CIA<ref name="g">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/blog/2017/jun/14/russian-fake-news-is-not-new-soviet-aids-propaganda-cost-countless-lives |title=Russian fake news is not new: Soviet Aids propaganda cost countless lives |first=David Robert |last=Grimes |date=14 June 2017 |newspaper=The Guardian |access-date=24 June 2020 |archive-date=1 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200701205100/https://www.theguardian.com/science/blog/2017/jun/14/russian-fake-news-is-not-new-soviet-aids-propaganda-cost-countless-lives |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Andrew |first1=Christopher |last2=Mitrokhin |first2=Vasili |name-list-style=amp |date=2000 |title=The Mitrokhin Archive: The KGB in Europe and the West |location=London, UK |publisher=[[Allen Lane (imprint)|Allen Lane]] |at=Ch. 14 |isbn=0-14-028487-7}}</ref><ref name="m">{{cite book |last1=Andrew |first1=Christopher |last2=Mitrokhin |first2=Vasili |name-list-style=amp |date=2005 |title=The Mitrokhin Archive II: The KGB in the World |location=London, UK |publisher=Allen Lane |isbn=978-0-71399-359-2}}</ref><ref name="h">{{cite journal |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/fall_winter_2001/article02.html |title=The Lie that Linked CIA to the Kennedy Assassination |last=Holland |first=Max |author-link=Max Holland |date=2001 |journal=[[Studies in Intelligence]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |number=11 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221134108/https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/fall_winter_2001/article02.html |archive-date=December 21, 2018}}</ref>
* In the Middle East in 1975, the KGB claimed to identify 45 statesmen from around the world who had been the victims of successful or unsuccessful CIA assassination attempts over the past decade<ref name="m" />
* Make US military aid to the [[El Salvador]] government (increased more than fivefold by the Reagan administration between 1981 and 1984) so unpopular within the United States that public opinion would demand that it be halted. About 150 committees were created in the United States which spoke out against US interference in El Salvador, and contacts were made with US Senators<ref name="m" />
* Fabrication of the story that the [[HIV|AIDS virus]] was [[Operation INFEKTION|manufactured by US scientists]] at [[Fort Detrick]]; the story was spread by Russian-born biologist [[Jakob Segal]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://thereader.mitpress.mit.edu/operation-denver-kgb-aids-disinformation-campaign/ |title=Lessons From Operation "Denver," the KGB's Massive AIDS Disinformation Campaign |first=Mark |last=Kramer |date=2020-05-26 |website=The MIT Press Reader |language=en |access-date=2021-04-15 |archive-date=13 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213150658/https://thereader.mitpress.mit.edu/operation-denver-kgb-aids-disinformation-campaign/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In a secondary role to the KGB during the operation, former East German spymaster [[Markus Wolf]] admitted, during a visit to Italy in 1998, the role of the [[Main Directorate for Reconnaissance|HVA]] in spreading AIDS conspiracy theories<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Selvage |first=Douglas |date=2019-10-01 |title=Operation "Denver": The East German Ministry of State Security and the KGB's AIDS Disinformation Campaign, 1985–1986 (Part 1) |journal=Journal of Cold War Studies |volume=21 |issue=4 |pages=71–123 |doi=10.1162/jcws_a_00907 |issn=1520-3972 |doi-access=}}</ref>

In 1974, according to KGB statistics, over 250 active measures were targeted against the CIA alone, leading to denunciations of Agency abuses, both real and (more frequently) imaginary,<ref>''Mitrokhin Archive''. Vol. 3 pak, app. 3, item 410.</ref> in media, parliamentary debates, demonstrations and speeches by leading politicians around the world.<ref name="m" />