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Being and Nothingness
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==Special terminology used by Sartre==<!-- "Sartrean terminology" redirects here --> Explanation of terms based on appendix to the English edition of ''Being and Nothingness'' by translator [[Hazel Barnes]]<ref>{{cite book|last=Sartre|first=Jean-Paul |others=Hazel E. Barnes (trans.) |title=Being and Nothingness|publisher=Routledge|year=2003|location=London|pages=649–656|isbn=0-415-27848-1}}</ref> *Being (être): Including both Being-in-itself and Being-for-itself (both as defined below), but the latter is the nihilation of the former. Being is objective, not subjective or individual. *[[Being in itself#Being-in-itself for Sartre|Being-in-itself]] (''être-en-soi''): Non-conscious Being. The sort of phenomenon that is greater than the knowledge that we have of it. *Being-for-itself (''être-pour-soi''): The nihilation of Being-in-itself; consciousness conceived as a lack of Being, a desire for Being, a relation of Being. The For-itself brings Nothingness into the world and therefore can stand out from Being and form attitudes towards other beings by seeing what it is not. *Being-for-others (''être-pour-autrui''): Here a new dimension arises in which the self exists as an object for others. Each For-itself seeks to recover its own Being by making an object out of the other. *Consciousness: The transcending For-itself. Sartre states that "Consciousness is a being such that in its being, its being is in question insofar as this being implies a being other than itself." *[[Existence]]: Concrete, individual being-for-itself here and now. *[[Existence precedes essence]]. The subjective existence of reality precedes and defines its nature. Who you are (your essence) is defined by what you do (your existence). *[[Facticity]] (''facticité''): Broadly, facts about the world. More precisely, the For-itself's necessary connection with the In-itself, with the world and its own past. *Freedom: The very being of the For-itself which is "condemned to be free". It must forever choose for itself and therefore make itself. *Nothingness (''néant''): Although not having being, it is supported by being. It comes into the world by the For-itself. *[[self-reflection|Reflection]] (''reflet''): The form in which the For-itself founds its own nothingness through the dyad of "the-reflection-reflecting" *Reflection (''réflexion''):The consciousness attempting to become its own object.
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