Editing Border (section)

== Types of border regulation ==
{{Main|Border control}}
In places where smuggling, migration, and infiltration are a problem, many countries fortify borders with fences and [[Border barrier|barrier]]s, and institute formal [[border control]] procedures. These can extend inland, as in the United States where the [[U.S. Customs and Border Protection]] service has jurisdiction to operate up to 100 miles from any land or sea boundary.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.aclu.org/other/constitution-100-mile-border-zone |title=The Constitution in the 100-Mile Border Zone |website=[[American Civil Liberties Union]] |access-date=2018-05-03 |archive-date=2020-06-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604063515/https://www.aclu.org/other/constitution-100-mile-border-zone |url-status=live }}</ref> On the other hand, some borders are merely signposted. This is common in countries within the European [[Schengen Area]] and on rural sections of the [[Canada–United States border]]. Borders may even be completely unmarked, typically in remote or forested regions; such borders are often described as "porous". Migration within territorial borders, and outside of them, represented an old and established pattern of movement in African countries, in seeking work and food, and to maintain ties with kin who had moved across the previously porous borders of their homelands. When the colonial frontiers were drawn, Western countries attempted to obtain a monopoly on the recruitment of labor in many African countries, which altered the practical and institutional context in which the old migration patterns had been followed, and some might argue, are still followed today. The frontiers were particularly porous for the physical movement of migrants, and people living in borderlands easily maintained transnational cultural and social networks.

=== Regulated borders ===
[[File:Ambassador Bridge crossing.jpg|thumb|left|Crossing the [[Ambassador Bridge]] into Canada from the US]]

Regulated borders have varying degrees of control on the movement of persons and trade between nations and [[jurisdiction]]s. Most [[industrialized]] nations have regulations on entry and require one or more of the following procedures: [[Travel visa|visa]] check, [[passport]] check or [[customs]] checks.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.siue.edu/GEOGRAPHY/ONLINE/Vogeler/ControlledBorders.htm |title=Types of International Borders along the U.S.–Mexico Border |first=Ingolf |last=Vogeler |website=www.siue.edu |access-date=28 July 2018 |archive-date=7 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107141432/http://www.siue.edu/GEOGRAPHY/ONLINE/Vogeler/ControlledBorders.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Most regulated borders have regulations on immigration, types of wildlife and plants, and illegal objects such as drugs or weapons. Overall border regulations are placed by national and local governments and can vary depending on nation and current political or economic conditions. Some of the most regulated borders in the world include: [[Australia]], the [[United States]], [[Israel]], [[Canada]], the [[United Kingdom]], and the [[United Arab Emirates]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.traveller.com.au/border-force-the-worlds-toughest-customs-and-immigration-gt0zi3 |title=Border Force: The world's toughest customs and immigration |last=Groundwater |first=Ben |date=30 November 2016 |work=Traveller |access-date=28 July 2018 |language=en-US |archive-date=27 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227064639/http://www.traveller.com.au/border-force-the-worlds-toughest-customs-and-immigration-gt0zi3 |url-status=live }}</ref> These nations have government-controlled border agencies and organizations that enforce border regulation policies on and within their borders.

=== Open borders ===
[[File:Wagah border ceremony2.jpg|thumb|right|Indian and Pakistan border officers at the India-Pakistan border]]

An [[open border]] is the deregulation and or lack of regulation on the movement of persons between nations and jurisdictions. This definition does not apply to trade or movement between privately owned land areas.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/open-border |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160503193452/http://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/open-border |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 May 2016 |title=open border Definition in the Cambridge English Dictionary |date=3 May 2016 |access-date=27 July 2018}}</ref> Most nations have open borders for travel within their nation of travel, though more authoritarian states may limit the freedom of internal movement of its citizens, as [[Propiska in the Soviet Union|for example]] in the former USSR. However, only a handful of nations have deregulated open borders with other nations, an example of this being European countries under the [[Schengen Agreement]] or the open [[Belarus-Russia border]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/what-we-do/policies/borders-and-visas/schengen_en |title=Schengen Area - Migration and Home Affairs – European Commission |last=Anonymous |date=6 December 2016 |website=Migration and Home Affairs – [[European Commission]] |language=en |access-date=27 July 2018 |archive-date=12 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812074419/https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/what-we-do/policies/borders-and-visas/schengen_en |url-status=live }}</ref> Open borders used to be very common amongst all nations, however this became less common after the [[First World War]], which led to the regulation of open borders, making them less common and no longer feasible for most [[industrialized nations]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.populationenvironmentresearch.org/papers/Colemanmigration.pdf |title=International Union for the Scientific Study of Population : XXIV General Population Conference, Salvador da Bahia, Brazil : Plenary Debate no 4 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140801080227/http://www.populationenvironmentresearch.org/papers/Colemanmigration.pdf |archive-date=1 August 2014 |website=Population Environment Research |date=24 August 2001 |access-date=26 July 2018}}</ref> An example of Open orders include the [[Schengen Area]] where 29 European nations mutually abolished their border control.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Schengen Area – European Commission |url=https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/schengen-borders-and-visa/schengen-area_en |access-date=2024-10-23 |website=home-affairs.ec.europa.eu |language=en}}</ref>

=== Demilitarized zones ===
{{See also|No man's land|Demarcation line|Terra nullius|Buffer zone}}
A [[demilitarized zone]] (DMZ) is a border separating two or more nations, groups or militaries that have agreed to prohibit the use of military activity or force within the border's bounds. A DMZ can act as a war boundary, ceasefire line, [[wildlife preserve]], or a ''de facto'' international border. An example of a demilitarized international border is the [[Korean Demilitarized Zone|38th parallel between North and South Korea]].<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/demilitarized-zone-Korean-peninsula |title=demilitarized zone (DMZ) {{!}} Definition, Facts, & Pictures |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopedia Britannica]] |access-date=26 July 2018 |language=en |archive-date=20 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190220221433/https://www.britannica.com/place/demilitarized-zone-Korean-peninsula |url-status=live }}</ref> Other notable DMZ zones include [[Politics of Antarctica|Antarctica]] and [[Politics of outer space|outer space]] (consisting of all space 100 miles away from the earth's surface), both are preserved for world research and exploration.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Antarctic-Treaty |title=Antarctic Treaty {{!}} 1959 |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=26 July 2018 |language=en |archive-date=26 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180726072601/https://www.britannica.com/event/Antarctic-Treaty |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Outer-Space-Treaty |title=Outer Space Treaty {{!}} 1967 |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopedia Britannica]] |access-date=26 July 2018 |language=en |archive-date=23 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223195506/https://www.britannica.com/event/Outer-Space-Treaty |url-status=live }}</ref> The prohibition of control by nations can make a DMZ unexposed to human influence and thus developed into a natural border or wildlife preserve, such as on the [[Korean Demilitarized Zone]], the [[Vietnamese Demilitarized Zone]], and the [[United Nations Buffer Zone in Cyprus|Green Line in Cyprus]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/07/world/asia/07iht-dmz.1.6036533.html |title=Wildlife preserve planned for Korean demilitarized zone |access-date=26 July 2018 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=7 June 2007 |language=en |archive-date=26 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180726072312/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/07/world/asia/07iht-dmz.1.6036533.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.neontommy.com/2009/11/military-zones-mean-boon-for-b |title=Military Zones Mean Boon For Biodiversity |last=Ahearn |first=Ashley |access-date=26 July 2018 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180726103559/http://www.neontommy.com/2009/11/military-zones-mean-boon-for-b |archive-date=26 July 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>