Editing Commandant (section)

==Russia==
[[image:Объявление красного коменданта Одессы 1919.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Announcement from the commandant of Odessa: call about bandit raids, 1919]]
In [[Russia]] and prior to that in the [[Soviet Union]] and [[Imperial Russia]] the position of commandant was widely used and may have various meanings:

*Palace commandant — a position in the Ministry of the Imperial Court, from March 14, 1896, the head of the governing body for the defense and protection of the imperial family.
*Fortress commandant — the commander of the fortress, and where there is none, the head of the city garrison, that is, the city commandant.{{sfn|Sytin|1911–1915}}
*City commandant— in Russia was in every city and in those villages where two or more separate military units or teams were located. To fill the commandant positions in St. Petersburg, Moscow, [[Tsarskoye Selo]], [[Gatchina]], [[Petergof]], [[Warsaw]], [[Tbilisi|Tiflis]], [[Mykolaiv|Nikolaev]] and some other cities, special persons were appointed. In other cities, the duties of the commandant were assigned to district military commanders, and where there were none, to one of the officers of the local garrison. City commandants were subordinate to the chief commander of the military district and the head of the garrison.{{sfn|Sytin|1911–1915}}
[[image:USSR of Commandant subdivision emblem.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Emblem of the units of the commandant's office of the [[Soviet Armed Forces]]]]
*City garrison commandant — supervises the observance of discipline and order in the troops stationed in the city, guard duty and the detention of military personnel arrested for disciplinary offenses. In the [[Soviet Armed Forces]] and in the contemporary [[Russian Armed Forces]], the commandant is the head of the military commandant's office of the garrison — the main body for managing the garrison service. In small garrisons that do not have a regular military commandant's office, a non-staff commandant is appointed by order of the garrison chief, usually the senior in position among the commanders of the commandant's units of the military units stationed in the garrison.
*Military commandant of a railway station — an officer appointed to supervise the correctness and timeliness of the movement of military units (military echelons) and cargo, as well as the loading and unloading of military trains.
*Commandant of a border section — the head of a border commandant's office — the head of a unit of a border detachment intended to protect a specific section of the state border. Responsible for:
**Protection of the designated section and operational work;
**Combat readiness, combat training, morale and psychological state and military discipline of the personnel of border outposts and other units of the commandant's office;
**Condition and effective use of weapons and equipment, engineering structures and barriers in border protection;
**Implementation of activities for types of service and combat actions. When organizing the protection of the state border, ensures the implementation of the decision of the head of the border detachment and makes decisions in the event of a sharp change in the situation, and supervises subordinate border units. 
[[image:20151219 154025 19th of December 2015 Constantine Palace Вертушка.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Commandant's [[landline]] telephone at the [[Constantine Palace]], one of the residences of the [[President of Russia]]]]
*Commandant of headquarters — a position established in wartime as part of the [[Imperial Main Headquarters|field headquarters]] of the Russian Imperial Army. Under his immediate control were the convoy with the gendarme unit or team and the wagon train of headquarters. Subordinate to him were sutlers, artisans, traders, industrialists, servants and all private individuals in general located in the area of the headquarters. He had the right to subject them to arrest for up to 1 month and a fine of up to 100 rubles.{{sfn|Sytin|1911–1915}}
*Corps commandant — was part of the corps administration according to the wartime staffing of the armed forces of the Russian Empire. His range of activities in the area of the corps headquarters generally coincided with the range of activities of the commandant of the headquarters.{{sfn|Sytin|1911–1915}}
*Stage commandant — was appointed in the army of the Russian Empire to manage each stage in wartime. In the area under his jurisdiction, the stage commandant was a representative of military authority and the immediate superior of all military teams and ranks located on stage for local guard, convoy and military police service. In areas occupied by right of war, until the establishment of special civil administration, all local administrative and police bodies were subordinate to him. He ordered the allocation of premises for passing units and commands, for hospitals, infirmaries and for all directorates and headquarters. The stage commandants had: an office, assistants and officers to perform the duties of commandant adjutants.{{sfn|Sytin|1911–1915}}
*Commandant of a city or locality in an occupied territory — a representative of the occupying military authorities.
*Commandant of a locality in which a state of emergency has been declared — responsible for ensuring the state of emergency, may impose a curfew.
*Commandants — district governors and commanders of local garrisons in the Russian Empire of the 18th century. Sometimes commandants were only district governors, especially before 1715; after that year, command of the garrison became the main and even exclusive responsibility of commandants: where there are no garrisons, there are no commandants, says the decree of 1715. The only exceptions were Ukrainian cities, for fear of enemy raids. As heads of garrisons, commandants were under the authority of the field marshal or governor. As district governors, commandants were completely dependent on governors, especially since 1712, when governors were given the right to choose commandants "from among capable people" and sometimes to chair the court over commandants. Chief commandants were appointed only in provinces, but not everywhere. Sometimes they replaced vice-governors and even governors in their absence. They were assisted by landrats, from 6 to 4, depending on the size of the province. Paul I, by a number of decrees dating back to 1797, increased the power and importance of commandants, giving them the right to address reports to him personally, and abolished the positions of chief commandants, as well as commandants in cities without garrison. In 1808, commandants were removed from the jurisdiction of governors and their duties were limited to garrison service. 
*Commandant — the head of the economic department and technical staff in some government and public institutions (hostels, theater buildings, etc.).