Editing Containerization (section)

== Container loading ==
=== Full container load ===
A full container load (FCL)<ref>John Good https://www.johngood.co.uk/ufaqs/difference-fcl-lcl/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511110457/https://www.johngood.co.uk/ufaqs/difference-fcl-lcl/ |date=2021-05-11 }}</ref> is an [[ISO standard]] container that is loaded and unloaded under the risk and account of one shipper and one consignee. In practice, it means that the whole container is intended for one consignee. FCL container shipment tends to have lower [[freight rate]]s than an equivalent weight of [[cargo]] in bulk. FCL is intended to designate a container loaded to its allowable maximum weight or volume, but FCL in practice on [[ocean freight]] does not always mean a full payload or capacity – many companies will prefer to keep a 'mostly' full container as a single container load to simplify logistics and increase security compared to sharing a container with other goods.

=== Less-than-container load ===
{{See also|less-than-carload}}
Less-than-container load (LCL) is a [[shipment]] that is not large enough to fill a standard [[cargo container]]. The abbreviation LCL formerly applied to "less than (railway) car load" for quantities of material from different shippers or for delivery to different destinations carried in a single [[Railway carriage|railway car]] for efficiency. LCL freight was often sorted and redistributed into different railway cars at intermediate [[railway terminal]]s en route to the final destination.<ref>{{cite book| title=This Fascinating Railroad Business |author=Henry, Robert Selph|author-link=Robert Selph Henry |publisher=The Bobbs-Merrill Company |year=1942 |pages=319–321}}</ref>

'''Groupage''' is the process of filling a container with multiple shipments for efficiency.<ref>Logistics Glossary https://www.logisticsglossary.com/term/groupage/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511110604/https://www.logisticsglossary.com/term/groupage/ |date=2021-05-11 }}</ref>

LCL is "a quantity of [[cargo]] less than that required for the application of a carload rate. A quantity of cargo less than that which fills the visible or rated capacity of an inter-modal container."{{citation needed|date=November 2011}} It can also be defined as "a consignment of cargo which is inefficient to fill a shipping container. It is grouped with other consignments for the same destination in a container at a container [[freight station]]".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.knownet.hhs.gov/log/transDR/Glossary/definitions.htm |title=The Federal Logistics SuperSite&nbsp;– The Federal Transportation Management Desk Reference: Glossary&nbsp;– Definitions |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041031151651/http://www.knownet.hhs.gov/log/transDR/Glossary/definitions.htm |archive-date=October 31, 2004}}<!-- Bot generated title --></ref>