Editing Conversation analysis (section)

==Different approaches==
===Interactional linguistics===
{{main|Interactional linguistics}}
Interactional linguistics (IL) is Conversation analysis when the focus is on linguistic structure.<ref name="cks2018">{{cite book |last1=Couper-Kuhlen |first1=Elizabeth |last2=Selting |first2=Margret |title=Interactional linguistics: studying language in social interaction |date=2018 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge|isbn=9781107616035|author1-link=Elizabeth Couper-Kuhlen}}</ref> While CA has worked with language in its data since the beginning,<ref name="Sacks1974" /> the interest in the structure of it, and possible relations to grammatical theory, was sometimes secondary to sociological (or ethnomethodological) research questions. The field developed during the 90's and got its name with the publication of the 2001 ''Studies in Interactional Linguistics''<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Selting |editor1-first=Margret |editor2-last=Couper-Kuhlen |editor2-first=Elizabeth |title=Studies in interactional linguistics |series=Studies in Discourse and Grammar |date=2001 |volume=10 |publisher=John Benjamins |location=Amsterdam |isbn=9789027297310|doi=10.1075/sidag.10}}</ref> and is inspired by West Coast [[Functional linguistics|functional grammar]] which is sometimes considered to have effectively merged with IL since then,<ref name="cks2018" /> but has also gained inspiration from British phoneticians doing prosodic analysis.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ogden |first1=Richard |editor1-last=Knight|editor1-first=Rachael-Anne|editor2-last=Setter|editor2-first=Jane|chapter=The Phonetics of Talk in Interaction |title=The Cambridge Handbook of Phonetics |date=2022 |pages=657–681 |doi=10.1017/9781108644198.027|isbn=9781108644198|s2cid=244045560 }}</ref> [[Stephen Levinson|Levinson's]] former department on Language and Cognition at the [[Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics]] has been important in connecting CA and IL with [[linguistic typology]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Former Departments and Groups|url=https://www.mpi.nl/page/former-departments-and-groups |website=www.mpi.nl |publisher=Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics |access-date=24 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="cks2018" />{{Rp|11}} Interactional linguistics has studied topics within syntax, phonetics and semantics as they relate to e.g. action and turn-taking. There is a journal called ''Interactional Linguistics''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Interactional Linguistics |url=https://benjamins.com/catalog/il |publisher=John Benjamins |language=English}}</ref>

===Discursive psychology===
{{main|Discursive psychology}}
Discursive psychology (DP) is the use of CA on [[Psychology|psychological]] themes, and studies how psychological phenomena are attended to, understood and construed in interaction. The subfield formed through studies by [[Jonathan Potter]] and [[Margaret Wetherell]], most notably their 1987 book ''Discourse and social psychology: Beyond attitudes and behaviour''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Potter |first1=Jonathan |last2=Wetherell |first2=Margaret |title=Discourse and social psychology: beyond attitudes and behaviour |date=1987 |publisher=Sage |location=London |isbn=9780803980563}}</ref>

===Membership categorization analysis===
Membership categorization analysis (MCA) was influenced by the work of Harvey Sacks and his work on Membership Categorization Devices (MCD). Sacks argues that members' categories comprise part of the central machinery of organization and developed the notion of MCD to explain how categories can be hearably linked together by native speakers of a culture. His example that is taken from a children's storybook (''The baby cried. The mommy picked it up'') shows how "mommy" is interpreted as the mother of the baby by speakers of the same culture. In light of this, categories are inference rich – a great deal of knowledge that members of a society have about the society is stored in terms of these categories.<ref name="sacks1992">{{cite book |last1=Sacks |first1=Harvey |editor1-last=Jefferson |editor1-first=Gail |title=Lectures on Conversation |date=1995 |publisher=Blackwell |location=Oxford|doi=10.1002/9781444328301|isbn=9781444328301 }}</ref> [[Emanuel Schegloff]] fleshed out the concept in his article on the formulation of place.  When asked 'where are you from?' the recipient can choose to respond in many different ways, eg. Main St., downtown, Irvine, California, the United States.  How they respond shows what identity they hope to claim, and the questioner will decide whether the recipient is indeed a member of the group they claim to be a member of based on how they speak going forward.  There is a connection here with the [[Other (philosophy)]] in philosophy,  [[social identity theory]], and ''[[The Social Construction of Reality]].'' [[Elizabeth Stokoe|Stokoe]] further contends that members’ practical categorizations form part of ethnomethodology's description of the ongoing production and realization of ‘facts’ about social life and including members’ gendered reality analysis, thus making CA compatible with [[Feminism|feminist]] studies.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Stokoe |first1=Elizabeth |title=On Ethnomethodology, Feminism, and the Analysis of Categorial Reference to Gender in Talk-in-Interaction |journal=The Sociological Review |date=2006 |volume=54 |issue=3 |pages=467–494 |doi=10.1111/j.1467-954X.2006.00626.x|s2cid=145222628 }}</ref>