Editing Crash test dummy (section)

=== Female crash test dummies ===
Crash test dummies have been commonly based on males, even though women make up 62% of all car buyers in the USA.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Michelson |first=Joan |title=7 Reasons There Are Few Women In Automotive Leadership: New Research |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/joanmichelson2/2022/01/28/7-reasons-there-are-few-women-in-automotive-leadership--new-research/ |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> This leads to oversights in automotive safety and ergonomics for this demographic. In 2003, the [[National Highway Traffic Safety Administration]] (NHTSA) introduced the female Hybrid III into collision testing. This dummy was a scaled-down version of its male counterpart, representing the 5th percentile of women based on mid-1970s standards.<ref name="Bergmann">{{Cite web |last=Bergmann |first=Andy |date=2019-10-23 |title=The Crash Test Bias: How Male-Focused Testing Puts Female Drivers at Risk |url=https://www.consumerreports.org/car-safety/crash-test-bias-how-male-focused-testing-puts-female-drivers-at-risk/ |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=Consumer Reports |language=en-US}}</ref>

In 2002, [[Volvo]] pioneered the development of a virtual crash test dummy representing a midsized pregnant female. Collaborating with [[Chalmers University of Technology]], they also crafted a computer model of an average-sized female to advance their whiplash protection system.<ref name="Bergmann"/> Other car companies have also adopted computer models in their safety testing to simulate crashes.

In May 2023, the world's first female crash test dummy was used in a crash test at the [[Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute]] in [[Linköping]], Sweden. [[Astrid Linder|Dr. Astrid Linder]] led the team of researchers to develop the female crash test dummy which represented the height and weight of women at the 50th and 25th percentiles.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Epker |first=Eva |title=Fasten Your Seatbelts: A Female Car Crash Test Dummy Represents Average Women For The First Time In 60+ Years |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/evaepker/2023/09/12/fasten-your-seatbelts-a-female-car-crash-test-dummy-represents-average-women-for-the-first-time-in-60-years/ |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> The model was created after crash statistics showed that female bodies are more prone to other injuries than male, such as [[Whiplash (medicine)|whiplash]]. The female dummy was developed with the help of an [[European Union|EU]] project.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Balcer Bednarska |first1=Jaqueline |last2=Brantemo |first2=Axel |title=Svenska forskare visar upp världens första kvinnliga krockdocka |trans-title=Swedish scientists unveil the world's first crash test dummy |url=https://www.svt.se/nyheter/lokalt/ost/svenska-forskare-visar-upp-varldens-forsta-kvinnliga-krockdocka |newspaper=SVT Nyheter |publisher=[[Sveriges Television]] |access-date=31 May 2023 |date=31 May 2023}}</ref>