Editing Creative Commons license (section)

=== Zero, public domain <span class="anchor" id="CC0"></span><!-- CCO links here --> ===
{{Redirect-distinguish|CC0|CCO (disambiguation)}}

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! scope="col" style="width:20em" | Tool name
! scope="col" | Abbreviation
! scope="col" | Icon
! scope="col" | [[Attribution (copyright)|Attribution]] required
! scope="col" | Allows [[remix culture]]
! scope="col" | Allows commercial use
! scope="col" | Allows [[Free Cultural Works]]
! scope="col" | Meets the [[Open Knowledge Foundation|OKF]] '[[Open Definition]]'
|-
! scope="row" | "No Rights Reserved"
| {{visible anchor|CC0}} || [[File:CC0 button.svg|alt=CC0 icon|88px]] || {{Yes|No}} || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}}
|}

[[File:Cc-zero.svg|thumb|upright=.7|CC zero public domain dedication tool logo<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-12-16 |title=Downloads |url=https://creativecommons.org/about/downloads |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151225052559/https://creativecommons.org/about/downloads |archive-date=December 25, 2015 |access-date=2015-12-24 |publisher=Creative Commons |df=mdy-all}}</ref>]]
[[File:Cc-public domain mark white.svg|thumb|upright=.7|Creative Commons [[Public Domain Mark]]. Indicates works which have already fallen into (or were given to) the public domain.]]
Besides copyright licenses, Creative Commons also offers '''CC0''', a tool for relinquishing copyright and releasing material into the [[public domain]].<ref name="Creative Commons">{{Cite web |title=CC0 |url=https://creativecommons.org/choose/zero |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100226071411/http://creativecommons.org/choose/zero |archive-date=February 26, 2010 |access-date=February 22, 2010 |publisher=[[Creative Commons]] |df=mdy-all}}</ref> CC0 is a legal tool for [[Waiver|waiving]] as many rights as legally possible.<ref name="Kreutzer">{{Cite web |first=Till |last=Kreutzer |title=Validity of the Creative Commons Zero 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication and its usability for bibliographic metadata from the perspective of German Copyright Law |url=https://rd-alliance.org/sites/default/files/cc0-analysis-kreuzer.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525023540/https://www.rd-alliance.org/sites/default/files/cc0-analysis-kreuzer.pdf |archive-date=May 25, 2017 |access-date=July 4, 2017}}</ref> Or, when not legally possible, CC0 acts as fallback as [[public domain equivalent license]].<ref name="Kreutzer" /> Development of CC0 began in 2007<ref>{{Cite press release |title=Creative Commons Launches CC0 and CC+ Programs |date=December 17, 2007 |publisher=[[Creative Commons]] |url=https://creativecommons.org/press-releases/entry/7919 |access-date=February 22, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100223053554/http://creativecommons.org/press-releases/entry/7919 |archive-date=February 23, 2010 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> and it was released in 2009.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Baker |first=Gavin |date=January 16, 2009 |title=Report from CC board meeting |url=http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/2009/01/report-from-cc-board-meeting.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100919010433/http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/2009/01/report-from-cc-board-meeting.html |archive-date=September 19, 2010 |access-date=February 22, 2010 |website=Open Access News |df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=March 11, 2009 |title=Expanding the Public Domain: Part Zero |url=https://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/13304 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921060406/http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/13304 |archive-date=September 21, 2013 |access-date=September 20, 2013 |publisher=Creativecommons.org |df=mdy-all}}</ref> A major target of the license was the scientific data community.<ref name="Christopher Allan Webber">{{Cite web |last=Christopher Allan Webber |title=CC withdrawl &#91;sic&#93; of CC0 from OSI process |url=http://projects.opensource.org/pipermail/license-review/2012-February/000231.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906005825/https://lists.opensource.org/pipermail/license-review/2012-February/000231.html |archive-date=2015-09-06 |access-date=February 24, 2012 |website=In the Open Source Initiative Licence review mailing list}}</ref>

In 2010, Creative Commons announced its [[Public Domain Mark]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 10, 2010 |title=Marking and Tagging the Public Domain: An Invitation to Comment |url=https://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/22940 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921060643/http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/22940 |archive-date=September 21, 2013 |access-date=September 20, 2013 |publisher=Creativecommons.org |df=mdy-all}}</ref> a tool for labeling works already in the public domain. Together, CC0 and the Public Domain Mark replace the Public Domain Dedication and Certification,<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 20, 2009 |title=Copyright-Only Dedication (based on United States law) or Public Domain Certification |url=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/publicdomain/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100223035835/http://creativecommons.org/licenses/publicdomain/ |archive-date=February 23, 2010 |access-date=February 22, 2010 |publisher=[[Creative Commons]] |df=mdy-all}}</ref> which took a U.S.-centric approach and co-mingled distinct operations.

In 2011, the [[Free Software Foundation]] added CC0 to its [[List of FSF approved software licenses|free software licenses]]. However, the Free Software Foundation currently does not recommend using CC0 to release [[public domain software|software into the public domain]] because it explicitly does not grant a patent license.<ref name="GNU Project">{{Cite web |title=Various Licenses and Comments about Them |url=https://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html#CC0 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100724023833/https://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html |archive-date=July 24, 2010 |access-date=April 4, 2015 |publisher=[[GNU Project]] |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

In February 2012, CC0 was submitted to [[Open Source Initiative]] (OSI) for their approval.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Carl Boettiger |title=OSI recognition for Creative Commons Zero License? |url=http://lists.opensource.org/pipermail/license-review_lists.opensource.org/2012-February/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926193810/http://projects.opensource.org/pipermail/license-review/2012-February/ |archive-date=September 26, 2013 |access-date=February 1, 2012 |website=In the Open Source Initiative Licence review mailing list |publisher=Open Source Initiative |df=mdy-all}}</ref> However, controversy arose over its clause which excluded from the scope of the license any relevant patents held by the copyright holder. This clause was added for scientific data rather than software, but some members of the OSI believed it could weaken users' defenses against [[software patent]]s. As a result, Creative Commons withdrew their submission, and the license is not currently approved by the OSI.<ref name="Christopher Allan Webber" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=The Open Source Initiative FAQ |title=What about the Creative Commons "CC0" ("CC Zero") public domain dedication? Is that Open Source? |date=October 21, 2007 |url=http://opensource.org/faq#cc-zero |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130519153636/http://opensource.org/faq#cc-zero |archive-date=May 19, 2013 |access-date=May 25, 2013 |publisher=Open Source Initiative |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

From 2013 to 2017, the [[stock photography]] website [[Unsplash]] used the CC0 license,<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 14, 2013 |title=Unsplash is a site full of free images for your next splash page |url=https://thenextweb.com/entrepreneur/2013/08/14/unsplash-is-a-site-full-of-images-you-can-use-freely-for-your-next-startups-splash-page/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117024732/http://thenextweb.com/entrepreneur/2013/08/14/unsplash-is-a-site-full-of-images-you-can-use-freely-for-your-next-startups-splash-page/ |archive-date=November 17, 2015 |access-date=2015-11-13 |website=The Next Web |language=en-US |df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=License {{!}} Unsplash |url=https://unsplash.com/license |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117015514/https://unsplash.com/license |archive-date=November 17, 2015 |access-date=2015-11-13 |website=unsplash.com |df=mdy-all}}</ref> distributing several million free photos a month.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 18, 2015 |title=Why Building Something Useful For Others Is The Best Marketing There Is |url=http://www.fastcompany.com/3042417/how-i-get-it-done/why-building-something-useful-for-others-is-the-best-marketing-there-is |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114225726/http://www.fastcompany.com/3042417/how-i-get-it-done/why-building-something-useful-for-others-is-the-best-marketing-there-is |archive-date=November 14, 2015 |access-date=2015-11-13 |website=Fast Company |language=en-US |df=mdy-all}}</ref> [[Lawrence Lessig]], the founder of Creative Commons, has contributed to the site.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lawrence Lessig {{!}} Unsplash Book |url=https://book.unsplash.com/lawrence-lessig/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117022116/https://book.unsplash.com/lawrence-lessig/ |archive-date=November 17, 2015 |access-date=2015-11-13 |website=book.unsplash.com |df=mdy-all}}</ref> Unsplash moved from using the CC0 license to a custom license in June 2017<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 22, 2017 |title=Community update: Unsplash branded license and ToS changes |url=https://creativecommons.org/2017/06/22/unsplash/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180107174853/https://creativecommons.org/2017/06/22/unsplash/ |archive-date=January 7, 2018 |access-date=2018-01-07 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> and to an explicitly [[nonfree software|nonfree]] license in January 2018.

In October 2014, the [[Open Knowledge Foundation]] approved the Creative Commons CC0 as conformant with the [[Open Definition]] and recommend the license to dedicate content to the public domain.<ref name="Open Definition" /><ref name="Vollmer-2013" />

In July 2022, [[Fedora Linux]] disallowed software licensed under CC0 due to patent rights explicitly not being waived under the license.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Claburn |first=Thomas |date=2022-07-25 |title=Fedora sours on CC 'No Rights Reserved' license |url=https://www.theregister.com/2022/07/25/fedora_sours_on_creative_commons/ |access-date=2022-09-14 |website=[[The Register]] |language=en |archive-date=October 12, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221012114806/https://www.theregister.com/2022/07/25/fedora_sours_on_creative_commons/ |url-status=live }}</ref>