Editing DNA microarray (section)

== Alternative technologies ==
Advances in massively parallel sequencing has led to the development of [[RNA-Seq]] technology, that enables a whole transcriptome shotgun approach to characterize and quantify gene expression.<ref name="mortazavi2008">{{Cite journal
| doi = 10.1038/nmeth.1226
| issn = 1548-7091
| volume = 5
| issue = 7
| pages = 621–628
| last = Mortazavi
| first = Ali
| author2=Brian A Williams |author3=Kenneth McCue |author4=Lorian Schaeffer |author5=Barbara Wold
| title = Mapping and quantifying mammalian transcriptomes by RNA-Seq
| journal = Nat Methods
| date = July 2008
| pmid=18516045
| s2cid = 205418589
}}</ref><ref name="wang2009">{{Cite journal
| doi = 10.1038/nrg2484
| issn = 1471-0056
| volume = 10
| issue = 1
| pages = 57–63
| last = Wang
| first = Zhong
| author2=Mark Gerstein |author3=Michael Snyder
| title = RNA-Seq: a revolutionary tool for transcriptomics
| journal = Nat Rev Genet
| date = January 2009
| pmid = 19015660
 | pmc=2949280
}}</ref> Unlike microarrays, which need a reference genome and transcriptome to be available before the microarray itself can be designed, RNA-Seq can also be used for new model organisms whose genome has not been sequenced yet.<ref name="wang2009" />