Editing Design of experiments (section)

==Human participant constraints==
Laws and ethical considerations preclude some carefully designed 
experiments with human subjects.  Legal constraints are dependent on 
[[Human subject research|jurisdiction]].  Constraints may involve 
[[institutional review board]]s, [[informed consent]] 
and [[confidentiality]] affecting both clinical (medical) trials and 
behavioral and social science experiments.<ref>
{{cite book | last1 = Moore | first1 = David S. 
| last2 = Notz | first2 = William I.
| title = Statistics : concepts and controversies 
| publisher = W.H. Freeman | location = New York | year = 2006 
| isbn = 9780716786368 | edition = 6th
| pages =  Chapter 7: Data ethics}}</ref>
In the field of toxicology, for example, experimentation is performed 
on laboratory ''animals'' with the goal of defining safe exposure limits 
for ''humans''.<ref>
{{cite book | last = Ottoboni | first = M. Alice | title = The dose makes the poison : a plain-language guide to toxicology | publisher = Van Nostrand Reinhold | location = New York, N.Y | year = 1991 | isbn = 978-0442006600 | edition = 2nd | url = https://archive.org/details/dosemakespoison00otto }}</ref> Balancing
the constraints are views from the medical field.<ref>{{cite book | last = Glantz | first = Stanton A. | title = Primer of biostatistics | edition = 3rd | year = 1992 | isbn = 978-0-07-023511-3 | url = https://archive.org/details/primerofbiostati00glan_0 }}</ref> Regarding the randomization of patients, 
"... if no one knows which therapy is better, there is no ethical 
imperative to use one therapy or another." (p 380) Regarding 
experimental design, "...it is clearly not ethical to place subjects 
at risk to collect data in a poorly designed study when this situation 
can be easily avoided...". (p 393)