Editing Dominant-party system (section)

===Europe===
* '''{{Flag|Armenia}}''': The [[Republican Party of Armenia]] controlled the country from 1999 until 2018, when it lost all of its seats in parliament after the [[2018 Armenian revolution]] and the [[2018 Armenian parliamentary election|2018 parliamentary election]].
*'''{{flag|Austria}}''': The [[Austrian People's Party]] ruled as the dominant governing coalition leader from 1945 to 1970, and the [[Social Democratic Party of Austria]], under a similar arrangement, from 1970 to 2000.
**'''{{Flag|Austria-Hungary}}''': The [[List of ministers-president of Austria|Cisleithania Minister-Presidency]] was dominated by the [[Constitutional Party (Austria)|Constitutional Party]] from 1871 to 1893.  
***'''{{flag|Vienna}}''': The [[Social Democratic Workers' Party of Austria]] (predecessor of the SPÖ, in power since 1945), dominated Vienna between 1911 and 1934.
***'''{{flag|Lower Austria}}''': The [[Christian Social Party (Austria)|Christian Social Party]] (predecessor of the ÖVP, in power since 1945), dominated Lower Austria between 1907 and 1934.
***'''{{flag|Upper Austria}}''': The [[Christian Social Party (Austria)|Christian Social Party]] (predecessor of the ÖVP), dominated Upper Austria between 1907 and 1934.
***'''{{flag|Vorarlberg}}''': The [[Christian Social Party (Austria)|Christian Social Party]] (predecessor of the ÖVP), dominated Vorarlberg between 1907 and 1934.
***'''{{flag|Tyrol}}''': The [[Christian Social Party (Austria)|Christian Social Party]] (predecessor of the ÖVP), dominated Tyrol between 1907 and 1934.
***'''{{flag|Salzburg}}''': The Salzburger Volkspartei, the ÖVP and their predecessors dominated Salzburg between 1919 and 2004.{{NoteTag|name=OVP|The predecessors of the ÖVP are the [[Christian Social Party (Austria)|Christian Social Party]] ruled from 1907 to the renaming 1933 and the [[Fatherland Front (Austria)|Fatherland Front]] ruled from 1933 to the [[Anschluss]] 1938.}}
***'''{{flag|Styria}}''': The Steirische Volkspartei, the ÖVP and their predecessors dominated Styria between 1907 and 2005.{{NoteTag|name=OVP}}
*'''{{flag|Belgium}}''': The [[Catholic Party (Belgium)|Catholic Party]] sent prime ministers from 1884 to 1937. The [[Christen-Democratisch en Vlaams|Catholic People's Party]] sent prime ministers from 1979 to 1999.
**'''{{flag|Flanders}}''': The [[Christian Social Party (Belgium, defunct)|Christian Social Party]] and the [[Christen-Democratisch en Vlaams]] dominated Flanders from at least 1968 to 1999.
*'''{{Flag|Bulgaria}}''': [[GERB]] was the ruling party from 2009 to 2021 (with an exception from 2013 to 2014). It is the biggest Bulgarian party.
*'''{{flag|Croatia}}''': The [[Croatian Democratic Union]] was in power from the first multi-party elections in [[1990 Croatian parliamentary election|1990]], when Croatia was still a constituent republic of [[SFR Yugoslavia]], until it lost the [[2000 Croatian parliamentary election|parliamentary]] and [[2000 Croatian presidential election|presidential]] elections in 2000. For most of the 1990s, the party had an absolute majority in both the [[Parliament of Croatia|Chamber of Representatives]] and the [[Parliament of Croatia|Chamber of Counties]], while its chairman, [[Franjo Tuđman]], was [[President of Croatia]] under a ''de facto'' superpresidential system of government until his death in 1999.
*'''{{Flag|Denmark}}''': The [[National Landowners (Denmark)|National Landowners]], and later the [[Højre]], ruled Denmark from 1874 to 1901. 
*'''{{Flag|Estonia}}''': [[Estonian Centre Party]] has held the mayorship in [[Tallinn]] since 2005, having won a majority of the city council seats there four consecutive times. In 2021, they received 38 out of 79 seats and formed a coalition.
*'''{{Flag|Finland}}''': The Agrarian League, later the [[Centre Party (Finland)|Centre Party]], dominated the Presidency under [[Urho Kekkonen]] from 1956 to 1982.  
*'''{{Flag|France}}''': During the tenure of [[Napoleon III]] (first as president 1848 to 1852 then as Emperor from 1852 to 1870), the [[Bonapartism|Bonapartists]] were a loose ruling political organization.  Since the Fifth Republic, the main presidential parties, [[Les Républicains]] (centre-right) or the [[Parti Socialiste (France)|Parti Socialiste]] (centre-left), were the biggest parties in over half of the presidential elections, until both parties lost dominance in France since 2017, as centrist politician [[Emmanuel Macron]] of [[En Marche]] became president, with French right-wing leader [[Marine Le Pen]] as the main opponent. Both parties have taken dominance since the [[2017 French presidential election]].
*'''{{flag|Georgia}}''': The [[Union of Citizens of Georgia]] was the dominant political force from its establishment in 1995 to its dissolution and overthrow in 2003 in the [[Rose Revolution]], during which the party's leader and president, [[Eduard Shevardnadze]], was ousted. 
*'''{{flag|Germany}}''': The [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|Christian Democratic Union]] ruled [[West Germany]] and later a unified Germany from its establishment in 1949 to 1969, and again from 1982 to 1998 and from 2005 to 2021. 
**'''{{flag|Baden-Württemberg}}''': The [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany]] ruled from 1953 to 2011 and was the biggest party until [[2016 Baden-Württemberg state election|2016]] (except in Württemberg-Baden for 1950–1952), but is still the biggest party at the German federal elections<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.wahlen-in-deutschland.de/buBawue.htm |title=Bundestagswahlen – Baden-Württemberg}}</ref> and European Parliament elections.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.wahlen-in-deutschland.de/beBawue.htm |title=Wahlen zum Europäischen Parlament in Baden-Württemberg}}</ref> In the predecessor state of Baden, the Centre Party was the biggest party during the Weimar era until 1930.
**'''{{flag|Bavaria}}''': The Bavarian Patriot Party (until 1887), the [[Centre Party (Germany)|Centre Party]] (until 1918) and the [[Bavarian People's Party]] were the biggest parties in the Bavarian Landtag from 1869<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.wahlen-in-deutschland.de/klBayern.htm| title=Landtag Bayern 1869–1918}}</ref> to 1933 and ruled from 1920 to 1933.
**'''{{flag|Saar|LON}}''' ''(not part of Germany at the time)'': The [[Centre Party (Germany)|Centre Party]] won every Landesrat election from 1922 to 1935.
**'''{{flag|Saar Protectorate}}''' ''(not part of Germany at the time)'': The Saarland Christian People's Party held the majority from 1947 to 1955, which was broken by the similar CDU in 1955.
**'''{{flag|Saarland}}''': The [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany]] ruled from the return of the Saar to (West) Germany in 1959 to 1980. In the Landtag elections, the CDU reached between 36.6% in 1955 and 49.1% in 1975;<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.wahlen-in-deutschland.de/blSaar.htm |title=Landtagswahlen im Saarland seit 1945}}</ref> the CDU also dominated federal elections (except in 1972),<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.wahlen-in-deutschland.de/buSaarland.htm |title=Bundestagswahlen – Saarland}}</ref> and in the 1979 European Parliament election, the CDU/CSU won 46.4%.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.wahlen-in-deutschland.de/beSaar.htm |title=Wahlen zum Europäischen Parlament im Saarland}}</ref>
**'''{{flag|Thuringia}}''': From the establishment of the state, the [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany]] ruled without interruption until 2014, with an absolute majority from 1999 to 2009. Since 2014, it has been in opposition.
*'''{{flag|Hungary}}'''
**'''{{flagcountry|Kingdom of Hungary (1867–1918)}}''': The [[Deák Party]] (which merged with the Left Centre to form the [[Liberal Party (Hungary)|Liberal Party]] in 1875) ruled Hungary from 1867 to 1905, and the [[National Party of Work]] between 1910 and 1918.<ref name="Bihari">{{cite book |last1=Bihari |first1=Mihály |title=Politológia: a politika és a modern állam: pártok és ideológiák |chapter=A magyarországi domináns pártrendszer |date=2013 |publisher=Nemzedékek Tudása Tankönyvkiadó |location=Budapest |isbn=9789631976281 |pages=291–295 |language=hu}}</ref>
**'''{{flagcountry|Kingdom of Hungary (1920–46)}}''': The [[Unity Party (Hungary)|Unity Party]] and the [[Party of National Unity (Hungary)|Party of National Unity]] (renamed Party of Hungarian Life in 1939) governed the [[Kingdom of Hungary (1920–46)|Kingdom of Hungary]] from 1922 to 1944.<ref name="Bihari" />
**'''{{flagcountry|Second Hungarian Republic}}''': After the elected Prime Minister [[Ferenc Nagy]] was forced into exile in May 1947, the [[Hungarian Communist Party]] became the Hungary's ''de facto'' ruling party until formally declaring the country to be a [[Hungarian People's Republic|single-party state]] in August 1949.<ref>''[http://www.rev.hu/history_of_45/ora1/ora1_e.htm Part 2: Communist take-over, 1946–1949.]''  The Institute for the History of the 1956 Revolution.</ref>
*'''{{flag|Ireland}}''': Ireland's [[Fianna Fáil]] was the largest party in [[Dáil Éireann]] between 1932 and 2011 and in power for 61 of those 79 years. However, the party were heavily defeated in the [[2011 Irish general election]], coming third.
*'''{{flag|Italy}}''': Italy's [[Christian Democracy (Italy)|Christian Democracy]] dominated [[Politics of Italy|Italian politics]] for almost 50 years as the major party in every coalition that governed the country from 1944 until its demise amid [[Mani pulite|a welter of corruption allegations in 1992–1994]]. The main opposition to the Christian democratic governments was the [[Italian Communist Party]].
**'''[[File:Flag of Emilia-Romagna (de facto).svg|border|22px]] [[Emilia-Romagna]]''': The [[Italian Socialist Party]] dominated the region from 1909 until the rise of [[Fascism]].
**'''[[File:Flag of Emilia-Romagna (de facto).svg|border|22px]] [[Emilia-Romagna]]''': The [[Italian Communist Party]] dominated the region from 1946 until 1991.
**'''[[File:Flag of Emilia-Romagna (de facto).svg|border|22px]] [[Emilia-Romagna]]''': The [[Democratic Party of the Left]] dominated the region from 1991 until 1998.
**'''[[File:Flag of Emilia-Romagna (de facto).svg|border|22px]] [[Emilia-Romagna]]''': The [[Democrats of the Left]] dominated the region from 1998 until 2007.
**'''[[File:Flag of Tuscany.svg|22px]] [[Tuscany]]''': The [[Italian Communist Party]] dominated the region from 1946 until 1953, and then from 1963 until 1991.
**'''[[File:Flag of Tuscany.svg|22px]] [[Tuscany]]''': The [[Democratic Party of the Left]] dominated the region from 1991 until 1998.
**'''[[File:Flag of Tuscany.svg|22px]] [[Tuscany]]''': The [[Democrats of the Left]] dominated the region from 1998 until 2007. 
*'''{{Flag|Liechtenstein}}''': The [[Progressive Citizens' Party]] governed from 1928 to 1970.  
* '''{{flag|Luxembourg}}''': The [[Christian Social People's Party]] (CSV), with its predecessor, [[Party of the Right (Luxembourg)|Party of the Right]], governed Luxembourg continuously from 1915 to 2013, except for 1974–1979. However, Luxembourg has a coalition system, and the CSV has been in coalition with at least one of the other two leading parties for all but four years. It has always won a plurality of seats in parliamentary elections, although it lost the popular vote [[1964 Luxembourg general election|in 1964]] and [[1974 Luxembourg general election|1974]].
*'''{{Flag|Malta}}''': The [[Nationalist Party (Malta)|Nationalist Party]] dominated the Maltese political scene from [[1998 Maltese general election|1988]] to 2013, when the [[Labour Party (Malta)|Labour Party]] won the government in the 2013 [[2013 Maltese general election|general election]].
*'''{{Flag|Monaco}}''': [[Rally & Issues]] governed the National Assembly from 1962 to 2003. 
* '''{{Flag|Montenegro}}''': The [[Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro|Democratic Party of Socialists]] (DPS) ruled Montenegro from 1990 to 2020, having been defeated in the [[2020 Montenegrin parliamentary election|2020 election]]. 
*'''{{flag|Norway}}''': The [[Norwegian Labour Party]] ruled from 1935 to 1965 (including the 5 years of [[Nygaardsvold's Cabinet|Government-in-exile]] during [[World War II]]), though it has been the biggest party in [[Norway]] since 1927 and has been in power many other times.
*'''{{flag|Poland}}''': The [[Law and Justice]] party (PiS) won the majority of seats in the [[Sejm]] and formed governments in [[2015 Polish parliamentary election|2015]] and [[2019 Polish parliamentary election|2019]], while also winning the Presidency in [[2015 Polish presidential election|2015]] and [[2020 Polish presidential election|2020]]. After the [[2023 Polish parliamentary election|2023 Parliamentary election]], they lost the majority in the Sejm and failed to establish a government coalition.
*'''{{flag|Portugal}}''': 
**The [[Portuguese Republican Party]], during most of the [[Portuguese First Republic]]'s existence (1910–1926): After the coup that put an end to [[Kingdom of Portugal|Portugal's constitutional monarchy]] in 1910, the electoral system, which had always ensured victory to the party in government, was left unchanged. Before 1910, it had been the [[Portuguese monarchy|reigning monarch]]'s responsibility to ensure that no one party remain too long in government, usually by disbanding Parliament and calling for new elections. The republic's constitution added no such proviso, and the Portuguese Republican Party was able to keep the other minor republican parties (monarchic parties had been declared illegal) from winning elections. On the rare occasions when it was ousted from power, it was overthrown by force, and it was again by the means of a counter-coup that it returned to power, until its final fall, with the republic itself, in 1926.
**As a [[Semi-presidential system|semi-presidential republic]], Portugal's [[President of Portugal|President]] has significant residual power. From 1986 to 2006, the Presidency was in the hand of the [[Socialist Party (Portugal)|Socialist Party]]; since 2006, it is the [[Social Democratic Party (Portugal) | Social Democratic Party]] that currently controls the Presidency.
*{{flag|South Ossetia}}
**[[United Ossetia]], lead by [[Anatoliy Bibilov]], has been power since 2014 (a continuation of the governing 2001–2014 [[Unity Party (South Ossetia)|Unity Party]], now defunct). It won the [[2014 South Ossetian parliamentary election|parliamentary election in 2014]] with 44.84% of the vote and 20 of 34 seats, and won again in the [[2017 South Ossetian presidential election|2017 Presidential election]] with 54.80% of the vote.

* '''{{Flag|Serbia}}''': The dominant party in Serbia is the [[Serbian Progressive Party]] led by Aleksandar Vučić. The party has won all parliamentary and presidential elections since [[2012]] and rules in almost all municipalities and cities in the country.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Portal |first=BUKA |date=2020-06-22 |title=SNS dominacija na lokalu, pali Šabac i Paraćin, traži se ponavljanje izbora u Šapcu {{!}} 6yka |url=https://6yka.com/region/sns-dominacija-na-lokalu-pali-sabac-i-paracin-trazi-se-ponavljanje-izbora-u-sapcu/ |access-date=2025-04-07 |website=6yka.com |language=bs-BA}}</ref>
**{{Flag|Kingdom of Serbia}}: [[People's Radical Party]], led by [[Nikola Pašić]], dominated the political landscape of the Kingdom of Serbia from 1904 and 1918. Pašić also served as the [[Prime Ministers of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia|Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia]] from 1918 to 1926 with brief interruptions.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-12-15 |title=Народна радикална странка |url=http://srpskaenciklopedija.org/doku.php?id=%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0 |access-date=2025-04-07 |website=Српска енциклопедија |language=sr}}</ref>
**{{flag|FR Yugoslavia}}: The [[Socialist Party of Serbia]] controlled the country from 1992 to 2000.
*'''{{flag|Spain}}'''
**'''{{flag|Andalusia}}''': The [[PSOE-A]] party (the Andalusian branch of nationwide [[PSOE]]) was the ruling party in the [[Andalusian Autonomous Government]] continuously between 1978 and 2019, being also the most voted party in all elections for the [[Parliament of Andalusia]] during that interval, except one ([[2012 Andalusian regional election|2012]]). After the [[2018 Andalusian regional election|2018 Andalusian election]], a right-to-centre coalition led by the [[People's Party (Spain)|People's Party]] entered office, and in [[2022 Andalusian regional election|2022]] the People's Party achieved an absolute majority.
**'''{{flag|Catalonia}}''': The [[Convergence and Union]] coalition (federated political party after 2001) in [[Catalonia]] governed the [[Generalitat of Catalonia|autonomous Catalan government]] from 1980 to 2003, under the leadership of [[Jordi Pujol]], with parliamentary absolute majority or in coalition with other smaller parties. The party later governed again from 2010 until its dissolution in 2015.
**{{flag|Extremadura}}
*** [[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party]], in power in the [[junta of Extremadura|Extremaduran Government]] from 1983 to 2011, and again since 2015.
*** [[2019 Extremaduran regional election|Extremaduran election, 2019]]: PSOE 46.8%, 34 of 65 seats.
*** [[Results breakdown of the November 2019 Spanish general election (Congress)#Extremadura|Spanish Parliament election, November 2019]]: PSOE 38.3%, 5 of 10 seats.
**'''{{flag|Valencian Community}}''': The [[People's Party of the Valencian Community]] (the Valencian branch of nationwide [[People's Party (Spain)|People's Party]]) was the ruling party in the [[Generalitat Valenciana|Valencian Autonomous Government]] between 1995 and 2015, being the most voted party in all  elections for the [[Valencian Parliament]] during that interval. After the [[2015 Valencian regional election|2015 Valencian elections]], a left-to-centre coalition entered office.
*'''{{Flag|Switzerland}}''': From 1848 to 1891, the [[Free Democratic Party of Switzerland|Free Democratic Party]] held all seven seats of the [[Federal Council (Switzerland)|Federal Council]], thus having full control of the Swiss Directorial Government.
*'''{{flag|Sweden}}''': The [[Swedish Social Democratic Party]] in Sweden governed from 1932 to 2006, except for some months in 1936 (1936–1939 and 1951–1957 in coalition with the [[Centre Party (Sweden)|Farmers' League]], 1939–1945 at the head of a government of national unity), 1976–1982 and 1991–1994. The party is still the largest party in Sweden and has been so in every general election since 1917 (hence the largest party even before the universal suffrage was introduced in 1921). The former prime minister and party leader [[Tage Erlander]] led the Swedish government for an uninterrupted tenure of 23 years (1946–1969), the longest in any democracy so far. Since 2006, the party support has declined, but in 2014, it returned to government, although its centre-left coalition had no majority.
*'''{{flag|Turkey}}''': In [[Turkey]]'s single-party period lasting until 1945, the [[Republican People's Party]] (CHP) was the major political organisation of the single-party state. However, the CHP faced two opposition parties during this period, both established upon the request of the founder of the Republic of Turkey and CHP leader, [[Mustafa Kemal Atatürk]], in efforts to allegedly jump-start multiparty democracy in Turkey.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.utoronto.ca/ai/learningtolose/participants.html |title = Learning to Lose: Adapting to Democracy in One Party Dominant Systems… |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140604202006/http://www.utoronto.ca/ai/learningtolose/participants.html |archive-date=4 June 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The pro-Kurdish [[Peoples' Democratic Party (Turkey)|Peoples' Democratic Party]]{{NoteTag|Formerly its predecessors [[People's Labor Party]] (with [[Social Democratic Populist Party (Turkey)|SHP]]), [[People's Democracy Party]], [[Democratic People's Party (Turkey)|Democratic People's Party]], [[Thousand Hope Candidates]] and [[Labour, Democracy and Freedom Bloc]].}} was the dominant party in the mainly Kurdish southeast from 1991 until the [[2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt]] which resulted in [[2016–present purges in Turkey|massive purges]] and the takeover of municipalities by the state. The landslide election victories of the [[Justice and Development Party (Turkey)|Justice and Development Party]] led to the party gaining majority in parliament between 2002 and 2018.<ref>{{cite web|date=January 19, 2012|title=Turkey Under the AKP: The Era of Dominant-Party Politics|url=http://www.journalofdemocracy.org/article/turkey-under-akp-era-dominant-party-politics|access-date=May 30, 2015|work=journalofdemocracy.org}}</ref> Since the [[2018 Turkish parliamentary election|2018 parliamentary election]], the party has minority in the parliament and is in a coalition.<ref>{{cite news |title=Turkey's undecided voters are leaning towards opposition alliance |url=https://ahvalnews.com/nation-alliance/turkeys-undecided-voters-are-leaning-towards-opposition-alliance |access-date=8 April 2022 |date=10 June 2021}}</ref>
*'''{{flag|United Kingdom}}''': 
**The [[Whigs (British political party)|Whigs]] dominated the [[Kingdom of Great Britain]]'s politics from 1714 to 1762 during the [[Whig supremacy]].
**The [[Tories (British political party)|Tories]], governed from 1783 to 1806, and 1807 to 1830.
**The [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal Party]] governed from 1905 to 1922.
**The [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]], governed from 1895 to 1905, and from 1935 to 1945, and from 1951 to 1963, and from 1979 to 1997, and lastly from 2010 to 2024.
**The [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] governed from 1997 to 2010.
**'''{{flag|Northern Ireland}}''':
***The [[Ulster Unionist Party]] won every election between 1921 and 1972 in the [[Parliament of Northern Ireland|former devolved administration]] of [[Northern Ireland]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Exploring British Politics |last=Garnett |first=Mark |author2=Lynch, Philip |year=2007 |publisher=Pearson Education |location=London |isbn=978-0-582-89431-0 |page=322 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-YI5u5PlHgQC }}</ref>
** {{flag|Scotland}}: 
*** The [[Scottish National Party]] has been the largest party in the [[Scottish Parliament]] since [[2007 Scottish Parliament election|2007]]. It also won the majority of seats to the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]] in Scotland in every election from [[2015 United Kingdom general election in Scotland|2015]] until it lost to [[Scottish Labour]] in [[2024 United Kingdom general election in Scotland|2024]].