Editing Fact-checking (section)

==== Methodology <!-- Only <5 yr old sources in this section? -->====
{{See also|Open-source intelligence|Media literacy}}

Lateral reading, or getting a brief overview of a topic from lots of sources instead of digging deeply into one, is a popular method professional fact-checkers use to quickly get a better sense of the truth of a particular claim.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Caulfield |first1=Mike |title=Verified: how to think straight, get duped less, and make better decisions about what to believe online |last2=Wineburg |first2=Samuel S. |date=2023 |publisher=The University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-82984-5 |location=Chicago & London |chapter= 4: Lateral Reading: Using the Web to Read the Web}}</ref>

Digital tools and services commonly used by fact-checkers include, but are not limited to:

* [[Reverse image search]] engines ([[Google Images]],<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |date=2019-01-17 |title=Here Are The Tools And Methods We Used To Map A Macedonian Fake News Network And The People Behind It |url=https://hoax-alert.leadstories.com/3470107-here-are-the-tools-and-methods-we-used-to-map-a-macedonian-fake-news-network-and-the-people-behind-i.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606022931/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2019/01/here-are-the-tools-and-methods-we-used-to-map-a-macedonian-fake-news-network-and-the-people-behind-i.html |archive-date=2023-06-06 |access-date=2024-01-07 |website=Lead Stories |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":112">{{Cite web |last=Settles |first=Gabrielle |date=April 19, 2023 |title=How to detect deepfake videos like a fact-checker |url=https://www.politifact.com/article/2023/apr/19/how-to-detect-deepfake-videos-like-a-fact-checker/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=[[PolitiFact]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{Cite web |last=Evon |first=Dan |date=2022-03-22 |title=Snopes Tips: A Guide To Performing Reverse Image Searches |url=https://www.snopes.com/articles/400681/how-to-perform-reverse-image-searches/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207012420/https://www.snopes.com/articles/400681/how-to-perform-reverse-image-searches/?collection-id=385915 |archive-date=2023-02-07 |access-date=2024-01-07 |website=[[Snopes]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":15">{{Cite web |date=2023-01-18 |title=How we work |url=https://factcheck.afp.com/how-we-work |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224230855/https://factcheck.afp.com/how-we-work |archive-date=2023-12-24 |access-date=2024-01-07 |website=[[Agence France-Presse]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":17">{{Cite web |last1=Angus |first1=Daniel |last2=Dootson |first2=Paula |last3=Thomson |first3=T. J. |date=2022-02-26 |title=Fake viral footage is spreading alongside the real horror in Ukraine. Here are 5 ways to spot it |url=http://theconversation.com/fake-viral-footage-is-spreading-alongside-the-real-horror-in-ukraine-here-are-5-ways-to-spot-it-177921 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629194804/https://theconversation.com/fake-viral-footage-is-spreading-alongside-the-real-horror-in-ukraine-here-are-5-ways-to-spot-it-177921 |archive-date=2023-06-29 |access-date=2024-01-07 |website=[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":14">{{Cite web |title=7 verification tools for better fact-checking |url=https://www.reutersagency.com/en/reuters-community/7-verification-tools-for-better-fact-checking/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925171722/https://www.reutersagency.com/en/reuters-community/7-verification-tools-for-better-fact-checking/ |archive-date=2022-09-25 |access-date=2024-01-07 |website=[[Reuters|Reuters News Agency]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":16">{{Cite web |last= |date=2019-09-18 |title=7 key takeaways on information disorder from #ONA19 |url=https://firstdraftnews.org/articles/7-key-takeaways-on-information-disorder-from-ona19/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603080221/https://firstdraftnews.org/articles/7-key-takeaways-on-information-disorder-from-ona19/ |archive-date=2023-06-03 |access-date=2024-01-07 |website=[[First Draft News]] |language=en-US}}</ref> [[TinEye]],<ref name=":13" /><ref name=":17" /><ref name=":18">{{Cite web |last=Holan |first=Angie Drobnic |date=March 31, 2022 |title=PolitiFact's checklist for thorough fact-checking |url=https://www.politifact.com/article/2022/mar/31/politifacts-checklist-thorough-fact-checking/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701130937/https://www.politifact.com/article/2022/mar/31/politifacts-checklist-thorough-fact-checking/ |archive-date=2022-07-01 |access-date=2024-01-07 |website=[[PolitiFact]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":19">{{Cite web |date=October 2022 |title=Election Misinformation Symposium |url=https://mediaengagement.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Center-for-Media-Engagement-Election-Misinformation-Symposium.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221209044610/https://mediaengagement.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Center-for-Media-Engagement-Election-Misinformation-Symposium.pdf |archive-date=2022-12-09 |access-date=2024-01-07 |website=[[University of Texas at Austin|Center for Media Engagement]]}}</ref><ref name=":113">{{Cite web |last=Settles |first=Gabrielle |date=April 19, 2023 |title=How to detect deepfake videos like a fact-checker |url=https://www.politifact.com/article/2023/apr/19/how-to-detect-deepfake-videos-like-a-fact-checker/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=[[PolitiFact]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":14" /><ref name=":16" /> [[Microsoft Bing|Bing Image Search]],<ref name=":13" /> [[Baidu|Baidu Image Search]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-29 |title=Surveillance video does not show Tangshan attack |url=https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.32DB2ET |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2024-07-18 |website=AFP Hong Kong |language=en}}</ref>{{Synthesis inline|date=July 2024|reason=Just states it was used once, does not say 'commonly used' in the source and is not necessarily being recommended for use by the authors of AFP Hong Kong}},<ref name=":11">{{Cite web |date=2024-01-10 |title=Fact Check: Video Does NOT Show 'Portal' At Miami Mall New Year's Day 2024 – Edited Video Dates To May 2023 |url=https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2024/01/fact-check-video-does-not-show-portal-at-miami-mall-new-years-day-2024-edited-video-dates-back-to-may-2023.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228202523/https://leadstories.com/hoax-alert/2024/01/fact-check-video-does-not-show-portal-at-miami-mall-new-years-day-2024-edited-video-dates-back-to-may-2023.html |archive-date=2024-02-28 |access-date=2024-07-19 |website=Lead Stories |language=en-US |quote=Lead Stories was not able to locate any earlier versions of this video on Google, Yandex, TinEye, Bing or through the image search of the Chinese internet services company, Baidu.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-26 |title=Old picture of submerged city in China resurfaces as country's south hit by floods in 2024 |url=https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.34YV3HB |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240711055821/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.34YV3HB |archive-date=2024-07-11 |access-date=2024-07-19 |website=[[Agence France-Presse]]}}</ref> [[Yandex Search|Yandex Image Search]]<ref name=":13" /><ref name=":14" /><ref name=":11" />{{Needs update|date=July 2024}})
* Archiving services ([[Internet Archive]],<ref name=":10" /><ref name=":15" /><ref name=":16" /><ref name=":18" /><ref name=":19" /><ref name=":26">{{Cite web |last=Mahadevan |first=Alex |date=2021-12-22 |title=These 6 tips will help you spot misinformation online |url=https://www.poynter.org/fact-checking/2021/these-6-tips-will-help-you-spot-misinformation-online/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326035437/https://www.poynter.org/fact-checking/2021/these-6-tips-will-help-you-spot-misinformation-online/ |archive-date=2023-03-26 |access-date=2024-01-07 |website=[[Poynter Institute]] |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Archive.today]],<ref name=":10" /><ref name=":16" /> [[Perma.cc]]<ref name=":15" />)
* Encyclopedias ([[Wikipedia]]<ref name=":16" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nyariki |first=Enock |date=2023-12-12 |title=Climate grant winners use innovative formats for fact-checking |url=https://www.poynter.org/ifcn/2023/climate-grant-winners-use-innovative-formats-for-fact-checking/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231221130522/https://www.poynter.org/ifcn/2023/climate-grant-winners-use-innovative-formats-for-fact-checking/ |archive-date=2023-12-21 |access-date=2024-01-07 |website=[[Poynter Institute]] |language=en-US}}</ref>)
* [[Web analytics]] platforms ([[Similarweb]]<ref name=":21">{{Cite web |date=November 2021 |title=The Toxic Ten: How ten fringe publishers fuel 69% of digital climate change denial |url=https://counterhate.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/211101-Toxic-Ten-Report-FINAL-V2.5.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215180708/https://counterhate.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/211101-Toxic-Ten-Report-FINAL-V2.5.pdf |archive-date=2022-12-15 |access-date=2024-01-07 |website=[[Center for Countering Digital Hate]]}}</ref><ref name=":25">{{Cite web |date=2020-05-29 |title=Troll farms from North Macedonia and the Philippines pushed coronavirus disinformation on Facebook |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/tech-news/troll-farms-macedonia-philippines-pushed-coronavirus-disinformation-facebook-n1218376 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230510045726/https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/tech-news/troll-farms-macedonia-philippines-pushed-coronavirus-disinformation-facebook-n1218376 |archive-date=2023-05-10 |access-date=2024-01-07 |website=[[NBC News]] |language=en}}</ref>)
* Image and video analysis tools ([[InVID Project|InVID]],<ref name=":15" /><ref name=":17" /><ref name=":16" /><ref name=":18" /> FotoForensics<ref name=":16" /><ref name=":19" />)
* Domain registration information ([[DomainTools]],<ref name=":10" /><ref name=":16" /><ref name=":24">{{Cite web |last= |date=2021-05-27 |title=Bogus fact-checking site amplified by dozens of Indian embassies on social media |url=https://medium.com/dfrlab/bogus-fact-checking-site-amplified-by-dozens-of-indian-embassies-on-social-media-7b4b31004699 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331205407/https://medium.com/dfrlab/bogus-fact-checking-site-amplified-by-dozens-of-indian-embassies-on-social-media-7b4b31004699 |archive-date=2023-03-31 |access-date=2024-01-07 |website=[[Atlantic Council|Digital Forensic Research Lab]] |language=en}}</ref> DomainBigData,<ref name=":10" /><ref name=":16" /><ref name=":24" /> WHOIS.com<ref name=":10" />)
* General [[List of search engines|search engines]] ([[Google Search]]<ref name=":10" /><ref name=":20">{{Cite web |last1=Balint |first1=Kata |last2=Arcostanzo |first2=Francesca |last3=Wildon |first3=Jordan |last4=Reyes |first4=Kevin |date=2022-07-20 |title=RT Articles are Finding their Way to European Audiences – but how? |url=https://www.isdglobal.org/digital_dispatches/rt-articles-are-finding-their-way-to-european-audiences-but-how/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108122251/https://www.isdglobal.org/digital_dispatches/rt-articles-are-finding-their-way-to-european-audiences-but-how/ |archive-date=2023-11-08 |access-date=2024-01-07 |website=[[Institute for Strategic Dialogue]] |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name=":22">{{Cite web |last1=Davidson |first1=Renee |last2=Jeffery |first2=Eiddwen |last3=Chan |first3=Esther |last4=Kruger |first4=Dr Anne |date=2023-12-13 |title=Call to action: A postmortem on fact-checking and media efforts countering Voice misinformation |url=https://www.rmit.edu.au/news/crosscheck/countering-voice-misinformation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228215218/https://www.rmit.edu.au/news/crosscheck/countering-voice-misinformation |archive-date=2023-12-28 |access-date=2024-01-07 |website=[[RMIT University]] |language=en}}</ref>)
* Web mapping platforms ([[Google Maps]],<ref name=":17" /><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Mahadevan |first1=Alex |last2=Funke |first2=Daniel |date=2020-05-18 |title=Fact-checking a California reopen protest video |url=https://www.poynter.org/fact-checking/2020/fact-checking-a-california-reopen-protest-video/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221224190649/https://www.poynter.org/fact-checking/2020/fact-checking-a-california-reopen-protest-video/ |archive-date=2022-12-24 |access-date=2024-01-07 |website=[[Poynter Institute]] |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Google Street View]],<ref name=":15" /><ref name=":14" /> [[Google Earth]],<ref name=":17" /><ref name=":26" /> [[Yandex Maps]]<ref name=":14" />{{Needs update|date=July 2024}})
* [[Social media monitoring]] platforms ([[CrowdTangle]],<ref name=":10" /><ref name=":16" /><ref name=":20" /><ref name=":21" /><ref name=":22" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Deny, Deceive, Delay (Vol. 2): Exposing New Trends in Climate Mis- and Disinformation at COP27 |url=https://www.isdglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Deny-Deceive-Delay-Vol.-2.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501120804/https://www.isdglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Deny-Deceive-Delay-Vol.-2.pdf |archive-date=2023-05-01 |access-date=2024-01-07 |website=[[Institute for Strategic Dialogue]]}}</ref>{{Update needed|date=July 2024}} [[TweetDeck]],<ref name=":16" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=LaForme |first=Ren |date=2021-03-22 |title=Four digital tools that got me through the pandemic |url=https://www.poynter.org/tech-tools/2021/four-digital-tools-that-got-me-through-the-pandemic/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231011143821/https://www.poynter.org/tech-tools/2021/four-digital-tools-that-got-me-through-the-pandemic/ |archive-date=2023-10-11 |access-date=2024-01-07 |website=[[Poynter Institute]] |language=en-US}}</ref>{{Update needed|date=July 2024}} [[BuzzSumo]]<ref name=":10" /><ref name=":16" /><ref name=":24" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-12-29 |title=These are the fake health news that went viral in 2019 |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/social-media-hosted-lot-fake-health-news-year-here-s-n1107466 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230614024217/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/social-media-hosted-lot-fake-health-news-year-here-s-n1107466 |archive-date=2023-06-14 |access-date=2024-01-07 |website=[[NBC News]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":25" />{{Update needed|date=July 2024}})