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Flocculation
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== Deflocculation == {{Main|Peptization}} Deflocculation is the opposite of flocculation, sometimes known as [[peptization]]. [[Sodium silicate]] (Na<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>3</sub>) is a typical example. Usually, in higher [[pH]] ranges, in addition to low [[ionic strength]] of solutions and domination of monovalent metal [[cation]]s, the [[colloid]]al particles can be dispersed.<ref name="Deflocculation">{{Cite book|publisher = Springer New York|date = 2007-01-01|isbn = 978-0-387-31021-3|pages = 265|doi = 10.1007/978-0-387-30160-0_3313|editor-first = Jan W.|editor-last = Gooch|title = Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers|chapter = Deflocculation }}</ref> The additive that prevents the colloids from forming flocs is called a deflocculant. For deflocculation imparted through electrostatic barriers, the efficacy of a deflocculant can be gauged in terms of [[zeta potential]]. According to the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers deflocculation is ''"''a state or condition of a dispersion of a solid in a liquid in which each solid particle remains independent and unassociated with adjacent particles (much like [[Emulsion|emulsifier]]). A deflocculated suspension shows zero or very low yield value".<ref name="Deflocculation"/> Deflocculation can be a problem in wastewater treatment plants, as it commonly causes problems with [[sludge]] settling and deterioration of the [[effluent]] quality.
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