Editing General circulation model (section)

==Comparison with other climate models==
{{Main|Climate model}}

===Earth-system models of intermediate complexity (EMICs)===
{{Main|Earth systems model of intermediate complexity}}

The Climber-3 model uses a 2.5-dimensional statistical-dynamical model with 7.5° × 22.5° resolution and time step of 1/2 a day. An oceanic submodel is MOM-3 ([[Modular Ocean Model]]) with a 3.75° × 3.75° grid and 24 vertical levels.<ref>{{Cite web|title = emics1|url = http://www.pik-potsdam.de/emics/|website = www.pik-potsdam.de|access-date = 2015-08-25}}</ref>

===Radiative-convective models (RCM)===
One-dimensional, radiative-convective models were used to verify basic climate assumptions in the 1980s and 1990s.<ref>{{Cite journal
  | last = Wang
  | first = W.C.
  |author2=P.H. Stone
  | title = Effect of ice-albedo feedback on global sensitivity in a one-dimensional radiative-convective climate model
  | journal = J. Atmos. Sci.
  | volume = 37
  | issue = 3
 | pages = 545–52
  | year = 1980
  | doi = 10.1175/1520-0469(1980)037<0545:EOIAFO>2.0.CO;2
  | bibcode=1980JAtS...37..545W
  | doi-access = free
  }}</ref>

===Earth system models===
GCMs can form part of [[Earth system model]]s, e.g. by coupling [[ice sheet model]]s for the dynamics of the [[Greenland ice sheet|Greenland]] and [[Antarctic ice sheet]]s, and one or more [[chemical transport model]]s (CTMs) for [[chemical species|species]] important to climate. Thus a carbon chemistry transport model may allow a GCM to better predict [[human impact on the environment|anthropogenic]] changes in [[carbon dioxide]] concentrations. In addition, this approach allows accounting for inter-system feedback: e.g. chemistry-climate models allow the effects of climate change on the [[Ozone depletion|ozone hole]] to be studied.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theozonehole.com/climate.htm|title=Tango in the Atmosphere: Ozone and Climate Change|last=Allen|first=Jeannie|date=February 2004|publisher=NASA Earth Observatory|access-date=1 September 2005|archive-date=11 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191011210348/http://www.theozonehole.com/climate.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>