Editing Gothic Revival architecture (section)

==Collegiate Gothic==
[[File:Burgesplan.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|[[Trinity College, Hartford]]: Burges's revised, three-quadrangle, masterplan]]
[[File:Saint Teresa of Avila Church, Bodega (2023)-L1003432.jpg|thumb|upright=0.9|right|Church of St Avila, Bodega, California]]
{{Main|Collegiate Gothic}}
In the United States, Collegiate Gothic was a late and literal resurgence of the English Gothic Revival, adapted for American college and university campuses. The term "Collegiate Gothic" originated from American architect [[Alexander Jackson Davis]]'s handwritten description of his own "English Collegiate Gothic Mansion" of 1853 for the Harrals of Bridgeport.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Truettner|first1=Julia M.|title=Aspirations for Excellence: Alexander Jackson Davis and the First Campus Plan for the University of Michigan, 1838|date=31 December 2002|publisher=University of Michigan Press|page=49|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hod9Lrg7FW8C&pg=PA49|access-date=16 March 2018|isbn=0472112775}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Golovin|first1=Anne Castrodale|title=Bridgeport's Gothic Ornament The Harral-Wheeler House|url=https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/2417/SSHT-0018_Hi_res.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|website=Smithsonian Institution|publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press|access-date=16 March 2018}}</ref> By the 1890s, the movement was known as "Collegiate Gothic".<ref>{{cite book|last1=Marter|first1=Joan M.|last2=Regain|first2=Melissa|title=The Grove Encyclopedia of American Art, Volume 1|date=2011|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=362|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sPGdBxzaWj0C&pg=RA1-PA362|access-date=16 March 2018|isbn=9780195335798}}</ref>

The firm of [[Cope & Stewardson]] was an early and important exponent, transforming the campuses of [[Bryn Mawr College]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.brynmawr.edu/library/exhibits/thomas/gothic.html|title=Collegiate Gothic – Cope and Stewardson|publisher=Bryn Mawr|website=www.brynmawr.edu|access-date=6 May 2020|archive-date=3 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190303222438/http://www.brynmawr.edu/library/exhibits/thomas/gothic.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Princeton University]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.princetonmagazine.com/princeton-universitys-gothic-love-affair/|title=Princeton University's Gothic Love Affair|publisher=Princeton Magazine|access-date=6 May 2020}}</ref> and the [[University of Pennsylvania]] in the 1890s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.design.upenn.edu/architectural-archives/cope-and-stewardson|title=Architectural Archives: Weitzman School of Design|publisher= University of Pennsylvania|website=www.design.upenn.edu|access-date=6 May 2020}}</ref> In 1872, [[Abner Jackson]], the President of [[Trinity College (Connecticut)|Trinity College, Connecticut]], visited Britain, seeking models and an architect for a planned new campus for the college. William Burges was chosen and he drew up a four-quadrangled masterplan, in his [[French Gothic#Early Gothic|Early French]] style. Lavish illustrations were produced by [[Axel Haig]].{{sfn|Crook|2013|pp=221–223}} However, the estimated cost, at just under one million dollars, together with the sheer scale of the plans, thoroughly alarmed the College Trustees<ref name="Armstrong 2000">{{cite journal | last = Armstrong | first = Christopher Drew | title = Qui Transtulit Sustinet"&nbsp;– William Burges, Francis Kimball, and the Architecture of Hartford's Trinity College | journal = Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians | publisher = University of California Press | volume = 59 | issue = 2 | date = June 2000 | pages = 194–215 | jstor = 991590 | doi = 10.2307/991590 }}</ref> and only one-sixth of the plan was executed, the present [[Trinity College Long Walk|Long Walk]], with [[Francis H. Kimball]] acting as local, supervising, architect, and [[Frederick Law Olmsted]] laying out the grounds.{{sfn|Crook|2013|pp=221–223}} Hitchcock considers the result, "perhaps the most satisfactory of all of [Burges's] works and the best example anywhere of Victorian Gothic collegiate architecture".{{sfn|Hitchcock|1968|p=187}}

The movement continued into the 20th century, with Cope & Stewardson's campus for [[Washington University in St. Louis]] (1900–1909),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wustl.edu/about/history-traditions/|title=History and Traditions|publisher=Washington University in St. Louis|access-date=6 May 2020}}</ref> [[Charles Donagh Maginnis]]'s buildings at [[Boston College]] (1910s) (including [[Gasson Hall]]),<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://library.bc.edu/lafargeglass/items/show/55|title=Maginnis, Charles Donagh (1867–1955)|publisher=Boston College University Libraries|access-date=6 May 2020}}</ref> [[Ralph Adams Cram]]'s design for the [[Princeton University Graduate College]] (1913),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gradschool.princeton.edu/about/history/graduate-college-history|title=Graduate College History|publisher=Princeton University Graduate School|website=gradschool.princeton.edu|access-date=6 May 2020|archive-date=17 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717031037/https://gradschool.princeton.edu/about/history/graduate-college-history|url-status=dead}}</ref> and [[James Gamble Rogers]]' reconstruction of the campus of [[Yale University]] (1920s).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archives.yale.edu/repositories/12/resources/1923|title=Collection: Index of architectural drawings of Yale University buildings by James Gamble Rogers &#124; Archives at Yale|website=archives.yale.edu}}</ref> [[Charles Klauder]]'s Gothic Revival skyscraper on the [[University of Pittsburgh]]'s campus, the [[Cathedral of Learning]] (1926) exhibited Gothic stylings both inside and out, while using modern technologies to make the building taller.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://library.cmu.edu/ArchArch/collection/charles-z-klauder|title=Charles Z. Klauder Architecture Archives|publisher=Carnegie Mellon University|access-date=6 May 2020|archive-date=16 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716163328/https://library.cmu.edu/ArchArch/collection/charles-z-klauder|url-status=dead}}</ref>

{{anchor|Vernacular adaptations}}